FRACTURE. 
_ The fra€ture having been teduced, and fome of t 
emplaftrum faponis applied, a bend ne re a put round 
the part, and then round the for er to make 
gentle compreffion on dle mufcles safer aed ie ie condyles. 
oa ae Default believed, diminifhed the power of 
*s in acting upon, and difplacing the parts. The 
cae tag fhed eee next advifes the application : 
four f{plints, one in front of, one behind, and two others 
the fides of the arm. He thought that there was no utility 
in having the fplints to extend very high up the arm, in this 
particular cafe, The anterior and pofterior fplints he re- 
commends to be made flexible at their pan ‘part, which is 
to be put oppofite the elbow-joint, fo w it to be 
in a flate of flexion, at the ae time that zee reach for a 
certain extent down the for 
We need fearcely eee ca hie fore-arm mutt alfo be 
kept at reft ina fling. 
FraGures of the Olecranon, 
The an not left us any remarks of impor- 
tance concerning dada of the olecranon, and feveral 
modern writers appear to have been very imperfectly ac- 
ies with the fubj oak. 
atting out of confideration pronation and fupination, 
aah have little conne&tion with the prefent cafes, we may 
iene erve that the elbow is a joint admitting of flexion and 
enfion, for ae purpo sae - aes atl 
ste ar nity of the os hum re yes in 
refponding noe of a as called field The 
— “pibcdlle by which this eavit fome degree 
formed, are its anterior, called pains ane its pofterior, 
‘called olecranon. In order the better to regulate the degree 
of flexion and extenfion, there are two Cavities, fituated at 
cients have 
order to ¢ on to this ieee singe of 
parts, mufcles ar in various dire the 
mufcle, by which extenfion is chiefly per aicgied. the oe 
extenfor cubiti, being inferted into the extremity of the 
olecranon, has an attachment peculiarly aoe and 
mechanical; as it is thereby at fome diftance from the cen- 
tre of motion, saa pele lefs exertion will be neceffary 
to | accomplt 
ae a aaedet ee clecranon is broken off, tw 
ery important changes ced. Firft, the Loe 
wae enabled the: a ve a ‘fo advantageoutly, i is re- 
moved, meegh the fpace, in which the mufcle acted, 
is now fhortened. Hence, that bony arrangement, that was 
before fo favourable to motion, is now deltroyed; and the 
me a ofe agency fuch a“ ‘was performed, has 
ane derably leffened. me remar y 
Fao in me ninth volumé. of the Medical Comme. 
82 
. cee may occur rare at the bafe, or the extremity 
of the olecranon. aes kind of cafe is the moft com- 
mon. The folut —- continuity is fometimes oblique, 
though, Seal ak erfe. a accident is oc- 
cafioned by external violence ; but certain inftances, the 
- as — violent nC of the powerful 
follo real ees ‘of the fymptoms of this fraes 
ture wil enable any practitioner to detect what has.happened 
with equal eafe and certainty. The contraction of the 
triceps, eee no. sit nger refifted by any conneCtion with the 
m e ulna, this m a pulls upward the finall 
off, fo a e an interf{pace 
—— fuch oe and the ar . er bone. The inter 
taneoufly extend his fore ing ion of 
the triceps with the ulna Tene eae i: Wh ether the 
anconzus alone may be adequate to accomplifh this motions 
in certain examples, we will not take upon us to decide ; 
but, calpes it is, the fore-arm is ‘ale ays found in a half. ‘vent 
fate, n confequence o flexor mufcles not having any 
eindesbt ee The detached ar of the ole- 
cra c drawn er up than the condyles of the os 
y 
humeri, whereas, in the a ftate, the ate aie are 
fituated higher than the point of the olec t 
ore-arm is ina ftate of half-flexion. The aa med of bone 
e mo in any direétion, without any motion being 
imparted to the ulna. When the fore-arm is extended, and 
he furgeon pufhes n the retraéted piece of bone, a: 
rating or crepitus cay cas of being f 
We: may rae remark, that this pacer like moft other’ 
of pain, and the foft: 
es of ae Olecanon : : 
of thefe we fhall take the ee of introducing inte 
thie w vork. 
The ancients have tranfmitted to us nothing on fractures 
of the olecranon, unlefs we admit that Paulus" Eginetus has 
made allufion to them in the following paflage: “ Cubitus 
dak’ Ihe os _ ad cubiti en coat (De Re Me 
ae ~The m oder and even 
t 
ire the arm im 
a ‘ling in a fle on, in order that the anchylofis might - 
be as little inconvenie P And what apie ad 
confirm the ir error was, that the of ex 
8. 
fion were totally loft by the obfervance of the nee 
pofition, and in confequence of the mufcles remaining for 
fuch a lengt . time in a ftate of inaction 
uverney rift who has propofed a_ methodical 
treatment for this sage (Mal. des Of. tom. i.. p. 325.) 
diftinguifhed 
tured sss Being drawn up by t 
tions of the al mufcles, and the impoffibility of mov- 
ing the fore-arm, which refts hanging by the fide of the 
ody. He accomplifhes the reduction 
fore-arm, pu uthin g down, the pr 
his thumbs, and r ae it in this fituation ede means of a 
fs a above the fra 
cular ge like that fed: in “iblceding, 
are then applied’ over ine pa mer application fee mby. 
flightly bent, was next laid on a pillow; at the ex- 
piration of a few days, an éndeavour was ‘nade e prevent. 
an sacoy eee by gentle and repeated m 
M. D the an olan which often followed 
fractures i the olecranon; to the ignorance of the furgeon 
Reft and gear ae he thinks, go ioasth neceflary to the re- 
union; but as foon as thi en p ond which is gene- 
rally about the twenty-fifth d en recommends the arm to 
be gently moved, and this motion to be moried every Ae 
