FRA 
narchiam noftram & regnum noftrum contra inimicos: pro 
poffe fuo Fea ae as 
Fratres Gaudentes. See Joyful Baormans 
FRATRIAGE, Frarriacium, or Frerage, the parti- 
tion among brothers, er coheirs, “coming to the fame inhe- 
ritance or fucceffion 
Fratriace is more alge d ufed for that part of the 
inheritance which comes to the youngeft brothers 
“Whatever the-eadets, or younger brothers, poflefs of the 
father’s eftate, they poffefs ratione ee and they are to 
do homage to the elder brother for it ; in regard he is to do 
homage for the whole v the fuperior lor 
FRATRICELLI, Phi aftical Hi hflory, an enthufi- 
attic fect of er aa which rofe in Italy, and Pa articu- 
arly in e e mar hee of Ancona, about the year 
The word is an It ere praia fignifying Frateccali, 
or little i oe and was here ufed as a term of derifion 
3 they were moit of them apoftate monks, whom the Ita- 
lians call fratelhi, or fratricelli. 
For this.reafon the term fratricelli, as a nickname, was 
given to many ether fects, as the Cath harifts, the Waldenfes, 
é&c. however. different in their opinions and in their conduct. 
But this denomination, applied to the auftere part of . the 
peo aalaa was confidered as honourable. See Francis- 
“The founders were P. Mauraro, and P. de Foflombroni, 
of pope Celeftin V. a permiffion to 
of hermits, and to obferve 
the rule of St. Francis in all its rigour, feveral idle vagabond 
monks joinec them liv pee the 
oon con- 
nore ordered to ei 
which. commiffion they executed with their af tae 
Upon this, retiring into Sicily, Peter John Oliva de Serig- 
-nan had no fooner publithed = Comment on the pe ca- 
l¥pfe, than they adopted his erro 
They held the Romith enaeele to be serie, = pro- 
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all the dogtrines which were publifhed under the name of 
the abbot Joachim, in the Introduétion to the Everlafting 
Gofpel, a book publithed in ‘1250, and explained by one 
of the fpiritual friars, whofe name was Gerhard. mong 
pag enormities inculcated in this nee it is aaaceag = 
had Pol that to the world the ae = eelaing got 
m 1260, and to 
8 grec aon a were & ie humble and 
rae fiars, deftitute of all pear) employments, 
‘Som they even eleCted a pope of their new church ; 
at Jeait.they appointed 2 a general, a fuperiors, and built 
ier we &c. Befide the opinions of Oliva, they held, 
that the. (acraments v7 re church were invalid; becaufe 
thofe who adminiftered them had no longer arly power or 
jurifdition, 
They were condemned. afresh tie pope John XXII. 4» in 
gonfequence of whofe cruelty they iat him as the true 
antichrift; but feveral of them ng into 
ape ‘theltered by Lewis, duke of "Ba varia, the emperor. - 
a ne are authentic records, from which it appears, that 
r-own slate ee and ° 
ermany, 
FRA 
ae. \efe. than’ two thoufand perfons w were ‘oa - the i inqui- 
fition, from the year 1318 to the time of Innocent VI. for 
their inflexible attachment to ne poaeye of St. Francis. 
The feverities againit t them were again revived towards the 
—— - the fifteenth century by pope Nicholas V. and his 
ceffors. 
guith for it fbfied until the times of the reformation 
in Germany, when its remaining votaries adopted the caufe, 
and maine the doGeri ine and difciplme of Luther. n 
this has led the popifh writers to char ge the fratricelli with 
many al rae fome of which are recounted y M. Bayle, 
art. Lratrice 
The fratric ai = divers as = nominations ; they we’ 
called fratriceili, according to fom ufe 
nmin: in bean of ae ncn Chriftians, or ra- 
ther through the humility of the founder of the Rraricifen an 
order, to which the fratricelli originally belonged ; dulcini, 
from one of their doctors ; Lizochi, beguins, and beghardi. 
ES es caer toe of f frater, gee and eis . hilt the 
crime of murdering one’s brother ee Parr 
ain committed the firit Trt 3 and the empire of 
Rome began with a eater 
FR 
Frarra, La, a ror of Italy, in the Polefi no . hae 
on the Scortico, containing about 6oco inhabita 
' FRAUBRUNNEN,, or Fravurnarun, 2 ‘“e own of 
Switzerland, and feat-of a bailiwick, in the canton of Berne, 
deriving its name from a celebrated monattery founded in 
the year 1246; 7 miles N. of Berne. 
FR D, Fraus, a fecret, feat —— or r injur ye 
ia to any one. See CuEats and 
export or import goods by fraud, or fraudulently, is 
to a ~it by indireét ways, in order to avoid the paying o 
duty, &c. i € per ; or if they be’ con- 
id the penalties adjudged by tke laws. 
ands or good 
taud pu urchafers, is void in law; and the 
perfons juftifying « or putting off fuch grants as good, thall 
forfeit a year’s value of the lands, and the full value of the 
goods and chattels, and likewife be imprifoned, for half a 
year. Stat. 3 Hen. VII. c. Siat. II. c. 6 
Stat. 13 Eliz. c. 5. made perpetual by flat. 29 Eliz. c. 5. 
Stat. 27 Eliz. c. 4, made perpetual by flat. 39 Eliz. c. 18. 
The feveral marke of fraud in a gift or rant of goods 
are the following: 1. Ifit be general, without exception of 
me things of neceflity t the donor {till poffefles and 
ufes the g 3 :. ne deed be made in fecret. 4. I 
there bé . 5. If it-ke made while 
i ty to a fraud, 
admitted, “that. matters of fend 3 vere one a 
branches to which the oe of chancery was gel 
confined, 4 moa 
the — e 
, howeve 
ite. 
ynderftood, - from me ‘of this kind blog eacally ne 
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circumians ces ‘of t 
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