FRI 
approaching each other in pairs, fometimes joined in pairs at 
the oS igs Qs 
. Tortula. Fringe of numerous a teeth, fpirally 
ae rep ae dly' twifted together.— Fig. 
In fome {pecies of Tortula the a are are into a cy- 
linder at the bafe, pierced with numerous holes, eae which 
fome recent botan its have founded a new genus Syn- 
igo, but it feems {earcely neceffary, nor nee allow -able. 
la 
“tye ie llowing genera are furnifhed with a double fringe, 
_ fome few — of Orthotrichum, and one of the Buxbaunia 
aly excepted 
. Orthotrichum. Capfule terminal. Outer fringe of 
£8 or ae linear ones, fometimes altogether 
This, aistaral genus, is variable in its 
fringe, hich “differs in different {pecies otherwife nearly 
akin, but it is the only one fo ioe te O. pumilum 
ra ia eight teeth in the ass frin ig. 
om : anes fee aly 
ule fheath. 
inner of 16 ca wvillary ones.: 
Ga. fringe of 16 ae Veil 
naked a even.—Fig. 13. 
13 naria. Capfule obovate. Outer fringe of 1 
oblique ceeth, ore te at the points; inner of 16 flat pon 
Veil quadrangular.— 14. 
Capfule oblique, gibbous on one fide. 
14. Buxbaumia. 
Outer fring * 16 v very fhort teeth; inner membranous, 
a —Fig. 
In B. file "the outer fringe is fearcely perceptible. 
See. fig. 16 
Capfule fpherical, furrow 
Bar apfu 
fae of 6 aes ed teeth ; inner ‘membranous, pee 
id depreffed.— Fig. 17. 
16. Mnium. Capfule terminal, cylindrical, - furrowed. 
Outer fringe of 16 eyribapee teeth; inner membranous, 
laciniated.— Fig. 18.. 
ryum. Capfu le ovate-oblong, {mooth. Outer 
» di at the bafé; inner membranous, 
Lig. 19. 
- 18. fypnum. Capfule sgnetial from a lateral nial 
fheath. Outer fringe ,of 16 teeth , dilated at the bafe; 
inner. membranous, varioufly toothed. Vel f{mooth,— 
ae thefe four laft genera the fringes do not ferve us much, 
the outer one being precifely alike in all, and the inner one, 
though different in the number and fhape of its fegments in 
various {pecies, rather tending by that means to tate the 
fubject, by ie ing to very combinations. his is the 
weakelt part of the fyitem fedwig, "and of thofe who 
follow hin it n making his ne abiolute, without regard to 
natural affinity. Nee out of Hypnum, whofe inner fringe, 
for the moft_ par s 16 principal teeth, with fingle or 
pee oan aha ones befides, is taken nus named 
oa is only a fimple row of 16 te 
ea, in whic 
che 3 inner frin nge. might be allowed, were there any 
differences of habit. or r other chara€ters to fupport the méa- 
e having 32 ean ae each other in pa and 
ee meeting by tranfverle bars, fo as to imitate blad- 
ders, Joined at the fummits. It is named CZwac ium, from 
mriper “ a {cale ever is converfant with the varieties of 
ftructure in different fpecies of Hypnum, will at once per- 
ceive the futility of on a diftinGions, in n which preat 
FRI 
pains are taken to render the fcience not only difficult but 
unnatural, 
. ontinalis. Capfule enveloped in a lateral fealy 
heath. Outer frin nge of 16 teeth, dilated at the bafe ; 
inner reticulated.—Fi 
igs 21. 
ere the inne er ke inge ¢c aid of. the | generic cha- 
omes in 
20. Pehle 
inflexed, teet 
affixed to the: ae of “the outer. 
outer hairy. —J'ig. 
Mr. I. D. cr has firft noticed a fhort entire mem- 
Veil moftly double ; 3 the 
brane; in the mouth of the capfule of this ea which we 
are much inclined to think, with him, is the real inner 
fringe, that above a ibe : being merely the eebiaioue 
lining of the lid. 16 
forbear to cent oe a whole fubject of the generic 
diftin€@tions of Moffes, till we come to them in their proper. 
are in treating of ae natural order. Andrea is left out 
the above enumeration of genera facaithed with a fringes 
ecaufe the recent obfervats tions of Mr. W. I. Hooker 
municated to the Linnean Society, prove it to have . 
enti of four valves, and no real aa thofe valves faving, 
been erroneoufly taken for one be = S. 
Frince-‘re2,- See CHIONA 
ap re in = rong, a sae of the ornamentak 
kin HIONANTHUS. 
FRINGILLA, § in Ornithology, a genus of pafferes, the 
chara€ter of which confifts fimply in the form of the bill, 
which is conic, ftraight, and pointed. The fpecies of the 
b 
c 
§ 
e ne finc 
rather moderate fize, and no 
them are exclufively natives of ee ean climates. 
Some are in particular remar kable for the aariee of their- 
plumage. 
Species. 
Laproxica. Head black; body grey and Sack: 3 eyee 
brows white ; outer tail-feathers with'a white — med 
fpot. Linn. Fringilla Montana, Brifl, Le grand Montan, 
oo Greater brambling, Albin. Lapland Lae. Ar. 
‘Native of the Northern - parts of Europe and Agate 
The fpecies aflociates in {mall flocks, runs on the gro and 
like the lar k, and has a note refembling that of the linmet. 
rti j 
The female lays five or fix.eggs, 
the ae is compo ofed of mofs cae grafs lined with eer 
tis. Black,, beneath. ay ; fecondary~quill and 
tilfether white. Linn, a de meigey ou ronverolles 
. HEW- finch, L . ath 
Letgth feven inches, wath the bill black ; head and neck 
above cinereous ; back and rump grey-brown ; two mmadle 
tail-feathers b black, the lateral ones white tipped with black. 
Cafpa fparre Cafpa Jjnch, Lat 
n seas fpecies diftinguifhed tor its fine cae oe 
