FROST. 
area peel D bred late ripe pie did not ag until 
fro ven W. was out in December. safked, 
how this is is to ie splained? "Froft can, ‘t is fappote fearcely 
to be doubted, comprefs the fap-veffcls of vegetables 
probably force aay fap out of them back oe ee eee as 
is commonly fuppofed ; perha aps the natural receptacles 
of the plants are re int fuppli ied. It is readily obfervable, that 
fruits se leaves fall, and that lattermath fhrinks by the 
action of 
e want 
commences, with the dry feafon that ufually at- 
"Thot ugh the effects of frofts on trees and other vegetable 
roduétions have long been kriown, the differences between 
fuch as take place in é vere winters, and thofe which happen 
in the mornings during the {pring — were never fully 
underftood, till explained in the — ci the Academiy at 
Paris by M. Du Hamel, an 
The frofts of fevere winters ae o 
‘powerful in deftroyin g all forts of tender vegetable pro- 
dudtions, though they o te more rarely, than thofe 
of the f{pring, which sa pen ori very injurious, by 
the conftancy and frequency of their happening. The prin- 
cipal difference with refpec to trees is, that the frofts of fe- 
vere winters affect the wood of the trunks and large branches, 
while thofe of the {pring are chiefly hurtful to t A buds and 
other tender parts. 
Befides, the seal act Frail Ss) ei at a time 
the year whe ees in and other 
ars have acta ae flowers, nor ae rae dein: and 
when their buds are in fuch a of torpor as not to be 
eed es efpe cially when ite preceding furnmer has 
ne ney p commoi cifcum= 
in 
title of the double blea, which is a perfe&.circle of blue or 
foft white wood, that, when the tree is afterwards cut down, 
‘is found to. be covered by a circle of hard folid wood. 
‘The blea, i in its ue flate, is an a oe of white 
and imper re perfe 
e; ee furrounded byt he he bark, dae eafily 
diftinguifhed in in moft {pecies from the hard wood or heart of 
, by its different colour, and want of hhardnels or foli- 
dity. See ALBUMEN. 
The celebrated M. Reaumur made long-fince a great num- 
ber of obfervations on the blea in trees of different parts of 
France, all which tended to fhew the falfe blea under the 
woo 
Tei is alfo further fuppofed — that this falfe blea Is 
that part of the tree which, in the above year, was the t 
and ‘natural blea; and: which the feverity, of the frofts' of: that 
winter prevented from ever isa 
mica it to become ‘more weak and defettive for'a fuccéffion 
n found much more aga 
he 
“nos om was the effe & of the feverity of this one hard: 
5 
found and folid wood). 
of years; during which the aie arinual circles of fuper. 
oe blea all hecame fo und and wood in their. nae 
tural courfe, di ea 
muft be that part o 
to exert its actio 
The f{plitting Pi eee in the dire€tion of their fibres often 
ay pa ace — avery loud crack or fe ar 
fro mon in large forefts’ to meet with tregs 
ae ie Fiered i in this 
to have along fo d 
where the cracks originally were, and fortmin kin 
cicatrices or {cars over them. 'Thefé cicatrices or ribs are, 
however, only fuperficial, as wherever they are, the cracks 
are tl ee remaining under | them in the. _ trees 5 for 
See 
expanifive form which they caufe in all frozen Hiqitid’. 
FREEZING. 
_ It is not, hdwever, by any meané afcértained; that all 
the different cracks in trees of the.timber Kind are the. 
effets of fro it is not improbable but that fome of 
: hem - may ad upon other eae as a fedundance of 
ap, &c. 
With refpe& to_the. difference Ge the expofires of trees, 
in regard to the effects of froft, e has been a we! Fi 
opinions held forth, but a eo Having davis fou 
tion in juit obfervation. A great number of perfons ippot 
that the effects of froft-are the. more fevere on fuch as hy 
a northern expofute,: while others. ima ee a Goothern = 
trary, there are 
numerous proofs that fhew it to be on the fouthern fides 
that trees in general aré the moft cut and injured by them ;- 
and it is well known; from repeated trials; that there are par: 
ticular accidénts ot conditions under which a more moderate 
froft may aad injury to trees and other vegetables, 
than the moft ie ne that = happen to them, when 
under more fone te circumftan 
Early peas, and fomé other aad beh are frequently, 
in moft fituations, the mot expofed to danger, where th 
cafes, to — 
ar 
nd were ae by a rep 
s all 
Buffon kewl incom, 
opinion,’ isnot by an 
with reafon: It. has been found i by numerous pa maa 
3E ‘that 
