FULLERS’ EARTH. 
The beft fullers’ earth is found in England, efpecialy 
Buckinghamfhire, Haars dfhire, Surry, Kent and Nottin 
ham wing localities are likewife men oe 
; but we cannot vouch 
eaily called by the name of a 
peak ing, appear to bay no uh ria 
- 
cr 
. 
Oa 
Lae 
tho); Wi rtomberg ee &ce. 
he ge gate lations of erie earth are not yet fae 
ciently afcertained to enable the geologift to derive an 
general refults from a. The he Bee age of the different 
formations appears to be as little underftood, as the mode 
n Saxony, where it 1s found in extenfive beds, it eae 
to owe its origin to the difintegration of rocks a the pri- 
mitive = formatio ne ee Verner; that of Roflwein is fub- 
ordinat e flate. In the Upper Palatinate it 
alter a ith ie rers SUE clay and porcelainearth. In En 
Jand it occurs principally in beds, and in trata jo 
with or refting on fand-{tone, the ¢ lation of which 
is not yet determined. t Wa lon in 1 Buckinghamfhire, 
on ae orders of siete te where the e purel ort is 
found, it appears to occur in the newer fletz-formation, fub- 
pa ite ne fand-iton Fon the furface of the earth, to the 
th of fix feet, feveral layers of fand are feen of various 
hades of reddifh, under which there is a thin ftratum of 
fand-itone which refts on the fullers’ earth. The upper part 
° this | latter, W hich is in contact, and mixed with the fuper- 
and, is called cledge by the aaa 
irown away as ufelefs this fucceeds a ftra 
ae pee fr There earth, being gost eight feet thick, aad ‘fab. 
divided by bor portal rifts into ‘other layers of nearly one 
foot and a half in thicknefs. There is generally a ferrugi- 
nous fubitance depofited on the rifts, which penetrates part 
of th on earth, fo tinged, is called crop. by the 
e part unimpregnated y ae receives mess 
a nder the fullers’? earth um 
e of about two feet thickne!s 
“The FE: aglith fullers’ mee is of much newer formation than 
that of Saxony; as is th . > Moravia, which appears to 
belong to the alluvial form 
- "The Sa uaa to which fullers? beet is er is 
‘indicated by it e, (fee art. Futitinc.) The quality 
it pofleffes, of dept iving eae and other Sl of ne cae 
thei deriv 
cre 
and oil uled i reparation, appears to be derived 
‘more from the pr eae than the other ae and 
My. Kirwan thinks that the union of the lime and magnefia 
ll 
to the prompt cut « of 
this earth, which particularly qualifies it for the pe a to 
which it is applied Every clay that has fom uofity 
{ which vmanife itfelf by the polith it receives i. 
debe with the nail, ) and the filiceous ingredients of which 
very fine, may be ufed for fulling; but it does not 
ibe that all aa clayey earths as agree in thefe two 
the economical advantage derived from 
ee cecupy the fam me place in t the fyftem 
Pullers’ a was formerly an article of the greateit i import- 
Vo 
ance in England, whence its exportation was prohibited 
under fevere penalties ; but of late it has been fuperfeded by 
ae fubitances By eta a arly foap.—K. 
We Subjoin fome obfervations on the fubjeG@ of fullers’ 
earth, communic ae by Mr. Far 
‘'T’his mineral is found in ae o ces at leaft in the Buitifh 
feries af ftrata, the uppermeft!of which is, in the fand {trata 
that underlay the cha ky and are ex to view by the great 
Kent, Suffex, a erry denudation, (fee that article,) at 
the foot or (outlies {kirt of the North Downs, at various 
places near Ryegate, one, &c. and froni whence 
London is principally fupplicd with the article, though 
quality of the earth and thicknefs of the feam (which varies 
much in different places) is greatly inferior to the next 
follers’ earth ftratum, found near the 
great ferruginous fend firata, oy hich Mr. Smit 
nated the Woburn fand,) in which fullers? earth is now dug 
in the greateft perfection, at Hogitye- 
Waverdon, Bu cks, near Wob 
1, Which aan be proves of feven feet i in thicknefs for 
me ¢ re ances ee 
with a 
we have eed ie about Bolingbroke and to the N. and 
.W. of that place, we find this and the accompanying 
ftrata very fimilar to thofe of Bedfordthire, although the 
area earth is here fo thin and imperfeé in its quality, as 
t to be known by that pe ie — asa clay feam 
s 
i 
allo be worthy oo rema k relpedtin ng 
earth itratum, that petrified or filiceous wood occurs in the 
ferruginous fand and fand-ftone below it in great plenty and 
perfection, and furnifhes moft of the perfect {pecimens of 
this kind from pelt Crawley, and o 
aan o be met with in the 
oe forte of a ne petrifying fpring s at Afple 
8 ee eae them, as it is faid, came farft into pane 
we are unable to trace; 4 ertain it is, that che ialanianis 
of this village difclaim any knowledge of fuch {prings or 
eat ring waters, except what books and credulous ae 
pg ‘ou he to en It has often occurred to t 
t there might, at rae period of the earth's 
formation ae confoli dation, have been a co 
eae ar 
the flex which abounds in ich ntity and fo very m 
a ftate of divifion in the fullers’ aan and lee hk oe 
fo perfectly taken the place of the pieces of wood, lodged in 
the fand below it, and perkaps filled the interftices of the 
chertz a that fuch tcok 
Vv 
effect, i gradual a manner ri- 
fying fpring on the { fap as the ftories above mentioned 
have inaintained. xamination f fome hundreds of 
theory atin rticle Cor. LIERY, 0 
part of the A ee ee tae of fub-a aaa eee. table 
the primitive creation, whofe reliquia ng fe and by which 
alone their exiftence can ever be one n to . and not frag- 
ments of any of the trees which, now, or at cal period, did 
Teng 
occupy or grow upon the dry ia a our glob 
«Jn So other counties, a. ane um occurs 
between the rocks of the Bath free-ftone {trata, which is there 
called fullers’ earth, and poffeffes its {couring properties ; 
[ as 
B 
