GAD 
_ blifhed themfelvesin this town, more than 1500 years before 
the vulgar era, they called it ‘ Gaddir,’’ an encompaffed 
place, with eae probably to a wall which furrounded ° 
and defende According to Pliny and Strabo there were 
in e a iflands ; one, in which was fituated 
s¢ Erithia’? and ‘ Aphrodifias,’’ or the ‘ifle of Juno."’ 
Some oud — fuppofed that this place was alfo called - 
«“ Tarteffus others, among whom is M. D’Anville, 
have been of opinion that Tarteffus or Tarteffla was the name 
of the country, or at leaft “- . a formed by the Gu 
dalquivir near its mouth. n of Gades was alfo called 
"in Jater times “* Augutta urbs th ala ree 3’? and towards 
the end of the republic it was very populous, infomuch that 
ome in refpe¢t of number of inhabitants. L. 
aggrandizement of it, and c 
fenal for it on one continent. 
the am who ha a very con- 
facet le dieu. Gades has furnifhed a great number of 
medals, 
The Tyrian ene had a magnificent temple at. fome 
iftancé re rom this ¢i e 
main land. This 
in fo remote a place, its antiquity, the incorruptible timber 
of which it was conftructed, its pillars enriched with ancient 
G, in Geogra ah yy, a town of Ruffia, j in the go- 
, vernment “t Tchernigov; 112 miles S.E. of Tchernigov. 
N. lat. 50° aoe E. long. 33°. 
GADIBUNDA, a lal a ‘Hindooftan, in Myfore ; 
13 miles N. of Chinna Balabar 
GADITCH, one of the 11 T diftrigts of the government 
of Tchernigov in Ruffia, fituated on the Pfol, 
GADOLINITE, in Mineralogy, a foffil thus named in 
honour of profeffor Gadolin, = difcovered in it the exift- 
ence of a new earth, called 
Its colour is an eae black, “which more or lefs inclines 
e and diffeminated, as alfo, though 
aaa ina oe form. Haty fuppofes its fundamental 
form.to be a rhomboidal oblique prifm ; which is a PeEISe 
form different from that of any other mineral fabftan 
The fecondary form, from an incomplete i ap- 
peared to the fame celebrated author to bea ten-fided prifm, 
terminated by three planes. 
Internally it is fhining, and its luftre is perfe€ly refinous, 
Fra€ture more or lefs conchoid ragments in fs 
nately angular, with fharp, feareely tranflucent edge 
hardnefs is nearly that of quartz. It is brittle. 
gravity 4.04 
Cadohane manifefts a confiderable action on the magnetic 
ts 
‘Specific 
this plac 
« Gades,’’ and called by its name, and the other denominated \ converted into a lice ith grey ¢ 
is faid to have found the refults fil] more difcord dant. 
ti 
Sweden, imbedded in feldfpath, with mica ; and i 
é 
ou kinds o 
b tv 
GAD 
needle. Before the blow-pipe it decrepitates ; but if gra 
dually expofed to the heat thus produced, {mall fragments 
will remain entire, and undergo partial fufion. Glafs of 
borax is coloured yellow by it. 
When reduced to powder, and ac with nitric acid, it is 
tine. 
The proportions of its conit oar parts are differently 
ftated by ee berg, Vauquelin, and Klaproth. 
erg. 
Ecke auquelin 
Yttria Ag. Yttria. ac. 
Silica 25-0 Silica re 
Tron 18.0 ron 25.0 
Alumina 4.5 Oxyd of man- . 
Lofs 5 ganefe ic = 
aim 
100 Wate a 
arb. acid § 95 
160 
Klaproth. 
Yttria “75 
Silica {25 
Black oni 
of ir aha 
Alumina ©.50 
ate a.50 
ofs 0.50 
100 
Prof. ebeies has fince repeated his experiments, and 
But 
 fameney the external and phyfical chara€ters of this fub- 
flance are fufliciently mark ed to diftinguifh it from ae other 
that might be miftaken for it 
a found at Yt tterby, i inthe diftriG: of Roflagen, in 
is accom~ 
panie ro-tantalite, another fubftance of which the 
yttria chovemenens orms a conftituent part. 
» Gapova, or Gapva, in. Geography, a 
country of . fide of the river Se ee con- 
acl ne of gold, ir ws and falt-petre. N. lat 10’ 
to 13’ W. long. 7° 
G Due, in in ene a genus of the jagalit tribe, 
the head of which is fmooth; gill-me.nbrane ‘with feven 
{lender rays ;. body abiong; covered with deciduous feales ; 
all the fins covered with a common fkin; dorfal generally 
more than one; Ee the rays unarmed ; ; ventral fins flender and 
oe ina ae 
pecies are divided into three feCions accordi ing to 
the abe of the dorfal fins, and the prefence or abfence 
of the beards at the mouth. 
* Dorfal fins three, viouth 2 carded, 
Colour various; tail equal; upper jaw 
ve talc Torfk, It Oel. Gadus calla- 
Afillus varius ‘wel Jfriatus, Joni. 
RIAS. 
Inhabits the Baltic, and other feas in the north of Eu- 
rope. Like moft others of the genus, it feeds on {maller 
fhes, crabs, and w orms, in purfuit of which it fometimes 
enters the mouths of rivers. Otto Fabricius found in the 
rea of this Ces the fea {corpion (cottus fcorpio), and 
d launce (ammedytes tobianus) ioe - eee and 
oui ommonly weighs 
ounds, rather lefs; near T Ripecwalile they 
have ae taken at feven to eight pounds in weight, and 
fometines 
29 
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