GAD 
<¢ Strom, a Norwegian ca hee in his hiftory of 
‘Sondmor, {peaks. to the fame effe€t ; he informs us in the 
north it is called brofme, cs ie fant in great plenty in 
the feas adjacent to Sondmor, there conftitutes an article of 
extenfive trade either falted, " and barrelled, or dried. His 
{pecific defcription of brofme is in eee gadus monoptery- 
and a figure gedg ed 
thi 
at accompanies th 
the Balt and ee north 
Tc. pl. rrect at leaft as to 
leave no “0 doubt of its being the fame as the torfk af Scotland ; 
the latter fpecies he obferv the g 
being the name by 
which the blenny is diftinguifhed among {t them. We haye 
alfo the authority of Bloch to fhew, that the gadus callarias 
is torfk of the Baltic, and the brofme a different fifh. 
he refult of thefe bp paaites = fufficient to prov 
dai the torfk of Scotland agrees re{pet, except in 
name, with the torfk of ri other noe es parts of Europe, 
and that the Scotch torfk is be ten - ubt the brof{me of 
= countries Donov. Brit. 
addition’ t 
5 et 
am 
~ 
ie 
Dn 
bo 
oO 
and 
This alteration may be e explained with Geile difficulty : the 
fins and tail, when the fith is alive, or recent, are inve fted with: 
fkin of heh a flefhy nature as to conceal in a great meafure 
the number, and even fituation of the rays that le within ; 
but in the procefs of drying this flefhy fkin fhrinks fo inbte 
of this circumitance we may eafily reconcile the two c 
‘ters * cauda ovali acuta,” and “ canda rotundata”’ 
Gmelin adopts the firft of thefe, and the confequence has 
“been that in the Englifh tranflation of the Syftcma Nature, 
i eoufly adivitted as a {pecies difting: 
from the Sa brofme, under the name of Scoticus. 
Ithouch the bro = sh es tor{l fwarms in the nerth 
feas, it is. ee more to the fouthward of 
Britain than C nes in ‘Scotlan d, 
eldom. It is fom 
for fale witly othe 
guifhed by its fingle dorfal fn nih ay from within a 
_fhort dience of the head to e tail. 
“Lhe length of this fifa is ee ree ae inches ; the 
oL. XY, 
{till exifts. 
' GA 
GAE 
colour of the body above pale greyith, a = 
ie : the dorfal, anal, ae audal fin o the fa 
as the upper 
fillet hite forming the order, - 
The pe ay fins were fine yellow, and fie ventral reddifh 
with the dufky. 
WALL, in Ornithology, called alfo the grey, a 
{pecies of the anas, or duck tribe, ditinguifhed {pecifically 
by having the wing-fpot rufous, black and white. ‘The 
bird is about nineteen desu in Jength, with the bill flat, 
i; ve leg 
belly grey varied ith - te. fa is a native of northern 
Afia and Europe, and fometim nes wits our coals in fevere 
winters. ‘The gad a is anas itrepera of Gmelin. Donov. 
Br. Birds, &c. See l 
GitiA, in Ancient Geo ae vy, a town of Arabia Felix, 
ea by Piolemy in ae interior of the country, and called 
by Ammianns M aes ans Geapolis, 
GHEL HUM M, earih-oil, in Natural [Hitory, a name 
given by ae of the 0 ld writers to the petroleum, or, as we 
ufually cal! it, oi! of petre. 
GAEL, or Southern Celts, formed the earliett Ppopt ulation 
of Great Britain ; e 
Welch, w = re egar t 
remark, that the meft ancient names, evn 
Guydelic, a Cane or Welch. Thefe Ciel ne ta 
have proceeded from the neareft fhores of France and Flan- 
ders. The original Gaelic inhabitants feem to have almoft 
entirely evacuated the country, and to have retired to Ireland, 
which was ce eS peopled from Gaul., There, and 
in the Hi of Scotland, to which a Gaelic cclony 
paffed from jaar the Gaelic dialeét of oe Celtic language ~ 
E , or Ersz. This is the name of that diale& 
of the nae: Celtic language, Ww ich is 
Hig s of Scotland. ccor 
an eee the Celtic, at t 
was univer fally fpoken all over the 
s divided into a variety of dial.ts, yet they all bear the 
rete internal proofs of their being defcended from one 
common origin. The moit remarkable diale&ts of the Celtic, 
fi] in exiltence, are the Gace ic, the Welch, the Manks, the 
Trifh, and the Cornifh, the L.ft of which appears to be nearly 
loft. "To this lit may juftly be add: d the dialed, which 
is fpoken by the n: atives © 
emia in a confiderable degree of its original purity, is 
bold, expreflive, and copious. It derives ov ‘os tance frora. 
the languages cither of Greece or Rome, from which i 
differs in its {truéture and formation. , vee affixes and 
prefixes, it greatly refembles the Hebrew, particularly in 
the inflexions of tts nouns and verbs. Like the modern 
Trench it only knows two genders, the mafculine and femi- 
nine. If ever the Gaclic poffefled an alphabet siete to 
itfelf, no traces whatever of it now remain. -Nor it 
boaft_ of any original |: iterary ea unlefs the peas 
of Offian be allowed to form an excep 
Of late the fcriptures and other eon books have been 
aelie, 
an 
art of the Highland meee who coma perhaps 
ae ailone reafon, the exiftence of the Gaélic as operating 
againft the general improvement of that part of the kingdom, 
: is fo far irom being on the decline, that it has ae 
34 ‘ithin 
