GAL GAL 
the indigo, or fecule of the plant anil, ufed in dyeing, &c. charafters, and the general reputation of a great mai At 
Garcias- gives us this name, and fays, that the plant is like Paris he begun to write annotations on Horace, in which 
ae “mang ique; but Clufius tranflating this.word by ocy- he examined the occafion and fubje&t of each po em, and ex- 
m or bafil, has ftrangely. perplexed the cafe: the anil ie hibited the progrefs which iey himfelf made in poetry 
ae plant not having any refemblance of that her till he attained to a perfeGtion that can a ye imitated. 
GALIAN, in Ichthyology, a {pecies of Cyprinus 5 which In the year 1763, the mre geographer Zannoni 
fee. Padua was at Paris, having been aaa thi ther by To 
TANI, Frapiwasp, in wine "yy was born in XVI., for the purpofe of determining the ree ee 
the year 1728, at Chieti, a town of Abruzzi, where his tween ‘the French and Englith poffeflions in Am Ga- 
father, a nobleman, was affeflor of the royal court of juftice, liani employed him to make a new and impr ed se of the 
He was deftined for the fludy of the law, and was carefully kingdom of Naples. In confequence of an alarming fcarcity: 
educated with that view. He was much given to fatire, and of corn, which had prevailed in France for many years, . and 
being refufed admiffion into an academy, he made ufe of his which had often been the occafion of dittrefs, famine; and 
powers of invective againit that body before he was eighteen pen bor ks Galiani wrote, in the French language, a 
years of age, w which firft made him known as a writer. In- work onthe corn trade, confifting of eight dialogues. The 
a fhort time afterwards he applied his talents to more im- fie to encourage, as he thought, the intereits of agri+ 
portant and ferious fubjects. The public finances of the culture, prohibited, in the year 1764, the free exportation 
two Sicilies had become much deranged, and various plan corn vinces of th gdom. Gallia 
had been propofed to remedy the evil, but without fuccefs. undertook to thew ‘that. this and other regulations adopted 
War and fome other events caufed a prodigious influx of by the court were the caufes of the fcarcity, and of the nu- 
them from Spain, France, and Germany ; many merous diforders that attended it. While he remained at 
egulations were immediately made to promote the trade, Paris, he did not venture to oppofe the prejudices of the 
the arts, and the profperity of the country ; neverthelefs the country, but as foon as he left that place, his work appear- 
{pecie feemed at once, as it were, to difappear; the price ed under the title of « Dialogues fur le Commerce. des 
of rape a fuddenly rofe; a ia ieee took place Bleds ;’’ Londres een, ; ai it surieragaa | excited con- 
in the courfe of the exchange, and many commercial houfes fiderable attention in Fra Numerous writers appeared 
were reducedto a bankrupt ftate. In oa {tate of affairs Galiani againift him till the court eal in ne of the fyitea 
wrote a work in five books «* On Money and Specie,” ‘which recommended by Galiani. pon his return to Naples the 
was publifhed in the year 1750. ifiident; perhaps, of his moft confiderable men of France entered into an epiftolary 
‘own talents, he printed . without his name, and it was fora correfpondence with him: their letters form nine large ve- 
sear ae time a principal topic of converfation. Few lumes in quarto. . He died in Odtober 1787, in the fifty- 
works, at. that period, -difplayed fo much order, precifion, ninth year of his age. He is faid to hav e poffeffed his 
P 
and boldnels of thought, and in which the fubjet was ufual {pirits and vivacity till his laft eer Befides. the 
treated in fuch clear and elegant language. It was received commentary on Horace, and the dialogues a'ready referred 
oa uniee tal approbation in his own country, and among to, he wrote, in three books, «A treatife on the innate 
the Hterati of other nations. . nen its tame was fully Propenfities or eRe ‘of Men, or the Principles of 
eftablithed, -the author difcovered himfelf, to the great joy the Law of Nature and Nations, deduce d from:the Poems 
of his uncle,.the archbifhop of Trento, and his other alan of Horace.”’ To this work was prefixed a life of the poet, 
He now obtained: preferment in-the church, un at ex- which contained no information but what was collected from 
ence of his uncle he was enabled to make a a ee his poems. In 1779 ‘he publifhed a bock on-thé Neapolitai 
Tealy, - ete him an pecnrligeg: a the moft diale&t; in which he explains the grammatical rules of it, 
erie of ‘let in that country. About the year and gives an account of all the writers who have made ufe o 
1755 he began to ae a: eae of all kinds of ftones it. He wa loyed on a work “On the natural Duties 
found in. He neighbourhood of Vefuvius, and having amafled of Princes to reel belligerent Powers,” which made its 
one hundred-and forty-one {pecimeng, he publifhed a treatife, appearance in 1782, and was afterwards tranflated. into the 
in which he gave an explanation of them; and immediately German language. It was written in confequence of the 
tran{mitted the- collection, with the printed deferi ription, to war between the Englith, French, and Spaniards, in which 
. pope Benedict XIV., and on.one of the boxes he infcribed the eapolitans, and other courts, remained neuter. Tihe 
the following. words ¢ merit of Galiani was known and refpeéted by the feveral 
« Beatiflime pater, fac ut — ifti panes fiant.?? monarchs of Euirope, a d no ftranger of diftinction arrived 
at Naples without endeavouring to form an acquaintance 
The holy father-was fo much pleafed with the prefent and withhim. The emperor, Jofeph.the Second, during his re- 
with the infeription, that he gave Galiani the hivi ing © of Ca- fidence in that city, often: | ae im with an interview. 
' nohica, worth four hundred ducats per annum. ~He became Catharine the Second of Ruffia not only fent him ulna 
‘a member ofthe academy of Herculaneum, “the object of ia requelted ae academy of Peterfburgh, i inthe year 1782, 
yee ele was to explain and illuftrate the antiqui ties of Her- elect him a member. life of Galiani, written i Lous 
culan , Pompeia and Stabia; a confiderable fhare of the Diodati, was publifhed at ane in 1788. Gen. Biog 
bafnefe meal to his lot, which: he performed. with much dili- GALIATA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in ane 
gence and fagacity. On the death of Benedift XIV. his partment of the Gogna, fituated between the Tefino and 
"friend and patron, he wrote his-eulogy, and difplayed upon the Gogna; 4 miles N-E. of Novara. 
- the occafien a valt flow o ae age as well as much of |-GALIBIS, or CHARAIBES, a nation of Indians, inhabit- 
the noble’ -principle of gratitude. This was in 1-758, and ing near New Andalufia, in South America; from which 
jn the following year -he was appointed fecretary to the fome ee fappofed the Charaibes of the Weft Indies to be 
French embafly, ich was-the commencement of his pub- defcen¢ : : 
dic career. He was but — pleafed ei al at firft, aie ‘a town ~, the republic of Lucca; 13 
“but his wit ‘and convivial turn procured hi miffion into miles N. of 
the frit company, the Giendiiip of the. ony eae literary. GALICIA; er sue TZIAy a L province,. or kingdom, taker 
4C2 ‘ek 
