GAL 
- Gaut-bag of birds. See iad f Brirps. © 
ees -fickntfs. See-Fr 
Gaxt-flones. See Bit LIARY Calculi. 
GALL, in Mining, is one of the many names for a + fault 
which fee 
s Ve egetable Phyfiology, are mor rbid  ex- 
crefcences, pee from dha moft vigoroufly growing: 
ce bas ae pare of infects, 
and of 
ia ee to. sl es the branch, leaf, or bud, in which 3 
egg is to be a a“ r = cafes ie puncture sae 
is very deep. egg is ed, the you 
larva or maggot , fim mulating wi vital srinciple of the un 
caufes the part in which it is lodged to-afflume-a great degree 
of luxeriance, difplayed in various whimfical excrefcences, 
foreign to the nature of the plant in itfelf, but each ple 
priated to the par ee Kind. of infe& from whofe oper 
* eh ng ration is foonclofed un 
oo ie apres to 
being left empty n drie ns. 
of fome of the large feboy asada of THawkweed, Hicracivm 
fabaudum and umbellatuniy are often thus flung, and : {well 
into ovat ae in which, while . growing, young rae 
be found he two = = evar 0) 
hiftory i : well explaine d, ‘with a 
Mr. Arthur Ai icin, in his valuable Diionary of Chemitry, 
and confequently quite independent of the ees 
aud indabtable feed of ee tree, the acorn; nor, from 
wide and -indifcriminate -c 
perufed th he page 
are thodels-of ¢ ae and. practical information-refpeGting the. 
origin, le and appearance of various fimilar produc- 
t at may have .mifled. the pe tee of this acute 
and liberal writer in the drie d Alep o galls, we have not at 
een materials to determine ; ‘nor ought much. ftrefs to be 
laid on-the appearances of bodies s in fo unnatural, a ftate, whie- 
ther ie may. have fuffered merely from keeping, or whe- 
ther, as we have fome fufpicion, they may occafionally have 
undergone the operation of baking. ither cafe the ap- 
pearance and condition of the young animal within-may well 
e alte nor is ‘an cara to. the agora aa of 
‘So great a change in th ing parts ta x kes 
place, that this perfordtion is very foo ablteened in all 
Vou 
tends to 
a 
L &. 
the common - galls that. we have examined.~-Several galts 
are-found on Willow and Poplar. leaves ; 
arkable excrefcence of this. ind: is the B 
ball found on the Dog-rofe of our hedges, each fpecimen of 
which lodges internally numerous maggots the Cynips 
Rafe, which, when they arrive t their ne itate, 
ic 
wards withers and dries fort of Gall,. 
is one obferved by the nt aa on Wi 
lows in Pr sar which eae eae Hike a mofs, or tufted 
Lich or is the rofaceous expanficn at the end of eac 
branch a i Rofe Willow, Salix Flelix, at ail differen nt i in 
nature, thouch unlike in fhape.’ Both thefe lait-defcribed 
are per manent, though yaa on the twigs; long after 
all the proper ee More akin to the walls rey 
the Oak are tho » of fereral Sa es in the Levant, Salvia 
pomifer a; ae a aaa which refemble little apples, 
and are fold in the markets rete in edna being 
spe a delicacy when none with fi It is rea 
markable that the production ¢ of galls ae fuch.a change 
in the oe = haa Large Loc in thofe alii 7 aah 
e gene 0 ous acid, or more ecially 
of the ar in eit or oan Bae le. Their ene is con-" 
fequently more tunged. wi vith red than the peobecarte parts 5 
at leaft this appears in the. oo the {mall galls on wile 
low and oak leaves, an more or lefsin sae sipil prciaiie 
i he ure oF galls re in 
onl aca ude gr ng ithebte, “witnels chats aan 
able as big. nger, » fo cae in Saal fou ea o! Eu u> 
i. 
aftic, bear a confiderable affinity to. galls, the 
leaf being greatly: difeafed, tumid, difcoloured, and fwarm- 
ing with res whole piMuIBHAg action appears to caule 
its‘morbi 
Galley egatd to aehen medicinal ufe, are found to be 
very aftrin: and):good under™proper management in 
ee: ee ee semorrhages ofall kinds; and 
Taree to the fame indications " as the oak-bark. ara 
Mem. pour 1702. ram or 
of the powder of Aleppo: alls sis <e Gee for: on, 
ey aré alfo eas as a Strengthener and aitrine 
gent : a decoétion-of-them. is. apse fuccels by - way 
of fomentation in procidentia of ihe anus, and has been 
pete in the fluor albus with great fuccefs. - “As.they poflefs 
ere i aa " ges ingent sete ag ee the. oak- 
bark, ntage over it, and.to: be 
better “hited for Seal ufe. Ti tae d. to. = powder, 
and made into an ointment, they have been found of. great 
fervice im hemorrhoidal af (Fe Gtions: Callen, Mat. Med. 
tls may be. made a very ufeful tel for iron in the feveral 
ees tito 's; for,it is certain: that an infufion of ‘galls 
will become back with a folution of: any vitriel that. contains: 
iron, and not at all fo with eke as eal gape copper, id 
the common blue-vitriol and the 
Dr. Lewis obferves, that if ita “decoGtion or anton rs 
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