GALLS. 
| heey e S the. sharia This effect is produced 
phat of lime and ae ine, by nitrat and acetite of 
a and barytes cS. 1efe com- 
avy ¢ onceives that 
on of gallic acid, and 
THe i3 Pe 
° 
ons precipitate aren - Mr. 
in, | tannin, a por 
extract im pene with part of the fal itfelf. 
It} is remarkable, that if a frefh infufion is ey with the 
-refidue evaporated to drynefs, this Ape on a fecond eva- 
poration depofits more extra the treatment is feve- 
ral ‘times repeat ted, the fame effeat is os 
When all-nits are citi with — oe a heat below 
its boiling temperature, the water co over pure; but 
when the pu nmnies is ae a little ok 212°, a_ liquor 
odu€ts are more colt 
n is deine in greater plenty. 
ing the compofition gall-nut, different opi. 
sions de entertained ; that aac ted by the moft approved 
writers is, that it is a compound. of tannin, eile acid, muci- 
lage, extra, and an infoluble matter, fimilar to woody fibre. 
Tei is certain that the yaa to whi ich the “i names have 
r. Murray are doubtful pa are the ide te of admit- 
ting tannin atid extract as two diftinG principles. We fhall 
not or enter bas a difcuffion of thefe gentlemen’s views ; 
the two firft, for the prefent, may he oppofed to each other, 
and i jut of all o ait can only be determined by fu- 
The ultimate parts of the gall-nut.are 
as  thele of “ll othe te Sie fubitances ; $ Vit. 
carbon, oxygen, and hydro rths, which it fome- 
times contains, appear to be a iscneaoae, and to depend on 
the nature of the foil on which the nut-gall is produced. 
‘ For the only analy‘fis of the gall-nut we dre indebted to 
Mr, Davy. und. that soo grains contain 185 grains 
of foluble matter, aa were compofed of 
Tarnin > .130 gre. 
*‘ Mucilage, centered folate by evaporation et oe 
‘ Gallic acid and a little extra ‘a OT 
: as lime and fale matte «© 12: 
é - ae 5 
<' 2 , a 
‘For aa a of the a fee the articles — and 
INK. nie, tom. xvil. p. I, om. Ix. 
P- 1736 Philofophical Tr anfactions, 1863, p. 239. 
eee ae Diofcorides, Pliny, and ee writers 0 
uity, mention the gall-nuts of Syria as being-of fuperior 
quay, oa ‘on at the eee day thofe that are = 
e pre o all the ref. The ae 
alice: ios os this ae article of trade is eos 
to Europe Alep PPO eee hee 3 Said ; partie 
I-nuts are 
a 
m tac 
by ive name of Mot “a ee nuts, ee rade of i pas 
is entirely in ed ey of the Curdes, eis refort’ leppo 
from September to May. ofe gall-nu ts that come lateft 
are rari fappoted the beft. An inferior kind is that 
fo id; but of the worft epee! are thofe which are 
carr ied from Caramania to Cyprus.—The Levant gall-nuts 
differ from thofe of Europe in eae on the whole fmailer, 
much move compaé an having a- more tubercu- 
lar, and almoit prickly furface, and in their blackifh colour, 
which often fhows a tinge of greenifh or bluish. “hofe 
that are light-coloured, yellowifh, and whitith, w en is not 
cldom the ae bie: thofe o oe are held i in little ee 
mation ; the n lefs aftringent matter 5 as is faid t 
likew ife the on w “ith thofe fu hel with a ‘hole, and at ch 
» She gathered after the infeét had pat through its, ins 
cle 
~The reafon w uae the Levant gall-nuts ate of fuperior. quae 
lity to the European does not appear to be well underftcod. 
erhaps the infest which préduces them isa fpecies of cynips 
different from ours; perhaps, too, the warmth of the climate 
to Bergius, Cullen 
Cerris ; a others have thought Q.. 
cies. 
ro 
; The blu 
to them ihe a 
whitifh nt is the chea 
this mer 
rh ‘nations, rar in ‘the arts of 
ir. ia 
pms ‘their Way “jute 
dg 
italy, and fone ene to Vienna. -A terwards, when, om 
4D2 acconRt 
