GALVANISM. 
particularly fo = as ; regarded oa chemical ay of Gal- 
anifm. This matter, however, was finall at reft by a 
coutfe ee eas experiments aii by Dr. Wola fton 
He intr saagay into each of two age tubes of very fm fall 
bore a piece of very fine gold wi e then fufed the 
glafs at one aud of each and drew it aie fo that the glafs coni- 
the gold wire in that part. Each of thefe 
tube were grou off fmooth and flat, fo that 
the bare eh "Of the wire were eed tothe water. The 
ends of the tubes fo eich were introduced into water, and 
Ee ormer gave out 
bible of hydrogen, while that cana with the latter 
— bubbles of oxygen gas. When thefe wires were-im- 
erfed in a metallic folution, the metal became reduced at 
ea negative fide. Indeed all the effects were produced by 
nitric acid, metal, a be agi nitric acid, metal, and fo 
on. He afterwards made a pile even without metal, by fub- 
ftituting charcoal in the ee arrangement ates of, metal. 
‘From the fteady and perpetual aCtion of the Galvanic 
battery, it was expected by phyfiologitts tat hvac 
important would be effected by it as a ent. 
Thefe 1 ae ae however, were sia eee ah ee ae. 
cefs, and ‘in confequence gav 
with ie elfeas of Galvarilm, 2 as a pene agent, 
in the aaa of Cr uick thank, it nw) be remember- | 
ale 
r prefence of muriatic acid and an alkali had 
alfo been obferved by other experimenters in the Plaka 
where decompofition of water took pl nace 
se el of Cambridge in ie 
p-- 2793 in which he af- 
falt bees “Tt a a) saalane alerted, that :no -fuch 
perfon as Mr. Peel could be found, and the a cas ent was |. on 
baa “A be a grofs impofition 
e number of the Philofophical Magazine .M. 
Pacchioni i is faid to. have produced free oxymuriatic acid 
from pure diftilled water, by the Galvanic procefs, in fuch 
t ime thefe facts were announced, the author of af 
this article ee eel lea to inveitigate this point. Afte 
repeated experiments made in the manner defcribed by Peel 
and Pacchioni, he did nee. in any inftance difcover the pre- 
inches 
was tied a eee oor thin bla ton fo 
ong. Upon one “A a 
cor 
as to render the tube capable of oe water. 
: “which ved to be the m 
and ne was rare in the ae in fac quantity, it when 
the two portions were mixed together they became neutral. 
~ This expeggnent was repeated with i fame apparatus, 
rches connected : 
flance 
7 inches Tong and. half an sae in diamet 
even without ae ‘the bladder more ion ets enty times, 
Saolae in care e time about the fame quantity of acid ; 
an alkali w: een pyadiced by the Galvanic apparatus,. 
this mone expen mentaliit produced by the common 
ele&tric machin 
Another very rauinaile antes was made by Dr. Wol-. 
to afcertain — relative 
di 
in differen Se t iece of 
of filver, ae immerfed each extremity into a veffel contain- 
ing very dilute muriatic-or fulphuric acid. The zinc was’ 
oxydated and diffolved in the ufual manner, affording much 
haba Bes but no action = place upon filver. When, 
how e two extremities, 
in con tat, n filver begat 
ae continued fo lon 
as inftantly ceafed when ak ends were ag rated. 
hen the pieces of metal were fimilarly ae ad in a fo- 
lution of copper, the filver did not afford hydrogen, but 
the copper was precipitated in the metallic re upon the 
filve 
The’ apparent facility with which this fingle combination 
produced the chemical effets of Galvanifm, induced: Dr. 
verted n film into a verg fine ear of 
fe ends of this fine thread were expofe ea water int the 
ufual manner, it was found that the mere "le rical current, 
excited by ae machine, in its paflage from the negative to 
the pofitive conductor, effeGied the decompofition of water. 
a view to afcertain whether the other chemical effects, 
e 
ee the eleétric machine, he took a card, coloure 
ftrong infufion of litmus, and touched it with two 
points corineéted with each fide of the machine, the points 
Ow! 
the points were reverled, the ace points being applied 
to the reddened part, the blue colour -became nage ed. 
Pe tiw valuable experiments were about the fame time 
ement: metal, “fulphuret ‘of pot egies 
"Rll as confidered, fo alors Piouted the 
idea of the formation of the saa and the. alkali, that the 
apa of this ar 
n a converfation wit chemi 
that the acid and Sat aoe be. “derived fron the animal 
fubftance feparating the two fluid portions, ‘end that the 
alkali might even be derived from the glafs tube. _ 
In el to do aray 7 Ppp of the animal fub-. 
d the glaf= tube, he proc Bias a tube ae ar 
made“ of fi 
pipe clay.” This tube being filled ais difilled aie aa 
placed 
