, 
GEMS. 
cre into conviction, had that artift known that the -art of 
thofe ftones is practifed at this very 
eee: a great n 
fend to Europe. » Plin me enue ons hel honey of ays as 
aving the Tho Hs clarifying carnelians, ept in it for 
fome time. Tho h this i is undoubtedly mses it appears 
of the 
, be d ear eerie wifh red, 
de h “8 * Enghth 
lapidaries give to the pure c 
certain degree of aaa, the name of bery]; a mifno- 
mer as ab{urd, as it is productive of confufion, efpecially if 
detcribers of gems, as has been the cafe in fome inftances, 
will condefeend to adopt it. 
Carnelian is the ftone which was moft commonly employed. 
y the greatelt artifts of antiquity, and indeed its moderate 
ee combined with the ip eae delicacy of its texture, 
which makes it fufceptible of the polith, will ever fe- 
cure ita sea ana rank among the eee ak defirable to 
‘the engraver of gem 
the leon occurs with opaque ftripes, of a pure 
r fh be, called onyx. ‘This appears 
r or freth or in th 
without ftripes, it may be re 
oasis at enc mats, sche i infenfible rdesrees; 
-g paflage into carnelian 
The Fitase called ae) the saat — (a corruption 
tef-the word onyx, of which onicus e, and after- 
a nicoloy) belongs, ey aes : the original 
me 
oO 
2 
t de 
erry-red Aas poffefied of a. 
/ 
A +4 awit Rt 43 Ht 
with a zone of bluith calcedony upon its if this latter is cut - 
away, fo as to leave only a thin cai or film, the figures 
engraved onit, and even fuperficial fr okesmade by the graver, 
will pierce this delicate cruft, and appear black, on a bluifh- 
white ground ; aye in the fame manner a flight facet round 
the margin of the ftone will produce a black border.’ Vel- 
theim and reac (ste Geerokd thefe nicolos to be artificially 
compofed of volcanic glafs, or obfidian, and calcedeny ce- 
mented together ; but aor that we have had opportunities of 
examining were real produ€tions of nature, reduced into a 
new form by the paren 3 wheel. e qua 
appear to be loft e fuppofe, with coun ab ea 
hat the -nountains which Ctei ntions as cing 
fardonyx, ax re thofe of the weft coaft of the corals of 
Hindooftan. 
h onyx and fardonyx, and other ftriped ypaaeh 
{ubftances, have been employed by ancient and modern 
artifts for executing thofe gems in relief-work, called cameos 5 
and it is pleafing to fee with what dexterity they have fre- 
quently availed themfelves of the different colours of the 
aires zones to ee s the eae parts of a figure, 
fuch as hair, garments, &c. is manner; if a white 
Sig sega = be fuperincu ee on a zon 
lian, the gro will impart a beautiful fle 
the white piers ; an “f the st be between red and brown, 
or any other. eolour, the latter may, with excellent aii 
be pee into drapery, &c.; as we fee it done. in nume- 
As celebrated produc. 
tions of the ancients in this part of the art we mention the 
apctheofis of Auguflus s, of two brown and two white lay: ers, 
rawn deagons ; $ 
* Tiberiu oe the qua rrel 0 
grippi: 
_ Minerva with Neptune; ead of. Avguitus, all of three. layers 
moftly brown and white; Jupiter Agiocus, white 
black zones, like the following two ; Venus on a fea-horfe, 
meena by cupids; a bull: all whick ea uae are 
n the “« Bibliotheque sige 
JON, 18 an intimate 
combination of calcedony with green earth. d, we 
have fpecimens before us which fhew the gradual mixture of 
the two fubftances in a very diltin&t manner. Blo od-ftone 
or feal {tones ; but alfo the ancients 
Paris a buft of Chrift-under flagellation, 1 In w ve the dros . 
of bicod were. reprefented by the {pots themfelve 
Jafter.—This ftone is found of a great. variety of colours. 
(See Jasper.) It-is neither. fo hard nor fo fine-giained 
as the lait-mentioned fubftances, whence it has not. been 
frequently employed by the great matters 2 antiquity. 
e - ention a few of the varieties of the comme 
jafper, of which ene: Bens. are known to be extant ; the 
rk green jafper \s n feen rm of Eg yptiqn 
da in the for g 
fe ee feldom as he Ta ikones :. befides ip. Per. it ja 
uid 
