454 Dr. G. Gore on the Influence of Proximity 



Effect of Magnetism. 



In order to ascertain whether open magnetic circuits had 

 any special degree of effect upon the electromotive force, 

 seventy horseshoe magnets, each 8 inches long from poles to 

 bend, 1 inch wide, \ inch thick, and their limbs -fe i ncn 

 apart at the poles, were clamped tightly together with india- 

 rubber washers between them, face to face on their edges in 

 a wooden frame by means of four brass rods and screws, in a 

 horizontal row with all their similar poles above, thus forming 

 a series 20 inches long, with a straight open highly magnetic 

 space y\ inch wide between the dissimilar poles to receive 

 the glass tubes. 



Several series of observations were made in the usual 

 manner with the tubes between the poles, and with them 

 removed to a distance of about 5 inches. The magnets 

 produced precisely similar effects to the lead bars, i. e. 

 they increased the electro-positive or diminished the electro- 

 negative state of the approximated electrodes according as 

 the latter happened to be electro-positive or negative at the 

 time. Subjecting the electrodes to the influence of the 

 magnets during 14 hours previous to closing the circuit had 

 no perceptible effect. 



To determine the effect of closed magnetic circuits, the 

 magnets were taken apart and repacked in a similar manner 

 except that each row of poles now consisted of alternately 

 north and south ones, with a series of horizontal soft-iron 

 armatures placed upon all of them, and as large a quantity 

 of soft-iron filings as they would attract, thus leaving a 

 nearly non-magnetic space between them for the tubes. 



Several series of observations were made as usual under 

 these conditions, but the effects were precisely the same as 

 with the active magnets, and no difference of magnitude 

 of influence due to different strength of magnetism could be 

 detected. 



Mode of Action of the Influence. 



In order to ascertain whether the proximity of the in- 

 fluencing body acted by altering the voltaic electromotive 

 force or by changing the conduction-resistance of the liquid, 

 two plain rectangular bars of copper, each being 22 inches 

 long, 2 inches wide, and 2 inches thick, were employed. 

 They were first placed in the usual positions as near as 

 possible to the row of electrodes which happened to be 

 electro-positive, and the usual series of observations taken ; 

 and then placed near the negative ones and other series taken. 

 The effect of their proximity was, as usual, to increase the 



