Passage of Electricity through Liquids 



267 



otlier with the other pole of a voltaic battery, the aluminium 

 plate, charged positively, will be repelled by the positive qua- 

 drants and attracted by the negative ones ; the deflection of the 

 image is proportional to the difference of the electrical tensions 

 on the two pairs of quadrants. It is quite immaterial whether 

 on one pair the electric tension is zero or not. 



The instrument I used gave a deflection of about 40 mill 

 deflection when the poles of a Grovels element were conne 

 with the two pairs of quadrants. 



When the electrical current of a Grove's element of seven cells 

 was passed through the trough filled with distilled v/ater in the 

 rcanner described in § 57, w^hiie the platinum electrodes were 

 connected by a thin silver wire with the pairs of quadrants, the 

 following deflections w^ere obtained, according to the length of 

 liquid (given in the first column) between the electrodes, and the 

 passage of the current in one direction or the other through the 

 liquid. 



Length of interposed Deflection of 



column of hquid. electrometer. 



00 320 . . —322 



433millims. 317 . . -317 



216 „ 313 . . -313 



When the current of a Grovels battery of seven elements was 

 passed in the manner described in § 58 through a column of water 

 435 millims. in length, the following deflections were obtained, 

 according to the distance / of the electrodes which were connected 

 with the pairs of quadrants of the electrometer, and according 

 to the direction in which the current traversed the galvanometer. 

 In experiments 1 and 2 the pairs of quadrants w^re connected 

 with the large platinum plates at the ends of the column of water 

 435 millims. in length ; in 3 and 4 with the above-described 

 Wollaston^s electrodes, each of which was in the middle or corner 

 of the section in question. The deflection was not altered when 

 the Wollaston's electrodes, kept at a constant distance by being 

 cemented to a strip of glass, were moved in the liquid parallel 

 to the direction of the voltaic current. 



No. 



/. 



Deflection of electrometer. 



+e. 



— e. 



Mean. 



Observed. 



Calculated. 



1. 



2. 

 3. 

 4. 



435 millims. 

 100 „ 

 100 „ 



305 

 306-7 



69 



67-5 



-308 

 -306-7 



- 69 



- 67-5 



306-5 

 306-5 



69 



67-5 



306-5 



306-5 



70-4 



70-4 



