YELLOW-HEADED WAGTAIL. 
141 
Eastern Russia, Siberia, and Bokhara. It is rarely 
found more south, though Calvi has introduced it among 
the birds of Liguria, and Temminck has given the 
Crimea, Hungary, and the Archipelago, as probable 
localities. It is therefore not much known to naturalists, 
and we must accompany Pennant, Pallas, or Middendorff, 
into the far cold arctic regions, to gain a glimpse of 
its whereabouts. 
“This species,” says Middendorff, “breeds very rarely in 
Boganida, (71° N., Br.) In the S. E. I missed it en- 
tirely. Gould falls into the same mistake as Pallas in 
stating that the European A^ellow Wagtail exceeds M. 
citreola in size. It is just the contrary. The colour of 
the back of my ‘Siberian species is also blackish, with 
a lead-coloured tint, and not greenish, as it is rep- 
resented by Gould. The summer dress of the old female 
seems hitherto to have escaped observation; what Pallas 
says respecting it is indefiinte, and Gould’s drawing 
does not agree with the Siberian form. The female 
in summer dress has the top of the head lead-grey, 
with a greenish tint, and the yellow of the throat is 
separated from the yellow stripe over the eyes by a 
grey band.” 
Of its habits and propagation nothing is known, as 
IMiddendorff does not mention the subject further than 
in the passage quoted. 
The adult male has the top of the head, cheeks, and 
inferior parts generally vivid and pure citron yellow; 
on the occiput is a large black band, in the form of a 
cross; nape, back, crop, and flanks, lead-colour; middle 
and great wing coverts bordered and terminated with 
pure white; primaries and rectrices, blackish, except the 
two lateral tail feathers, which are pure white; feet and 
legs brown; posterior claw longer than the toe. The 
