WATER PIPIT. 
1G5 
Specific Characters . — Hind claw one tenth of an inch longer 
than the toe, and curved like the Tree Pipit; outer tail feather 
white below, with a dusky patch on the greater part of inner 
web; the superciliary ridge broadly white towards the occiput; 
top of the head and nape greyish olive; beak and feet black, 
the former strong. Length six inches and one fifth; carpus to 
tip three inches and a half; beak from gape three fifths of an 
inch, along ridge half an inch; hind toe three tenths of an inch; 
claw of hind toe two fifths of an inch; middle toe four fifths of 
an inch; claw of middle toe barely one fifth of an inch. 
Owing to the term “aquaticns^'’ having been applied 
to onr Rock Lark, this bird has been confounded with 
it. It is, however, a very different species. It has 
also been confounded with Anthus luclovicianus, from 
which, however, it is said to be distinct by Zander, 
Brehm, and others. Mr. Morris, in his work upon 
British birds, has given the figure of “a Red-breasted 
Pipit,” said to have been killed in Scotland, under the 
designation of Anthus montanus, Koch, which he states 
is synonymous with Anthus spinoletta, Bonaparte, 
Anthus aquaticus, Bechstein, Anthus ludocicianus, 
Lichenst, and Alauda rufa, of Wilson. 
The bird which I now figure is not, however, the 
one given by Mr. Morris. It is the real Anthus 
aquaticus of Bechstein well and clearly described by 
Temminck in the last edition of the “Manual,” and by 
Degland in his “Ornithology,” in 1849. I should 
have preferred to have retained the term aquaticus, 
had it not been sometimes but eiToneously applied to our 
Rock Lark, A. ohscurus. 
With regard to the distinction of the "\Later Pipit 
from the American “Red Lark,” Anthus ludomcianus, 
w'e have the following diagnosis from Dr. Zander, 
(Cabanis’ “Journal fur Orn.,” 1853 and 1854,) and 
quoted by Baird in his “Birds of North America,” to 
