PENNSYLVANIAN PIPIT. 
173 
Brehni remarks, in liis notice of the egg in Biicleker’s 
v’ork, that it dv/ells in North America, in the inner 
half of the Polar circle, especially Greenland, travelling 
southward in the autumn, and sometimes wandering 
into Europe. It breeds in the high latitude above 
mentioned, forming a nest of moss, hair, and straw, 
lined with dry grass, stalks, or hair. It lays five or 
six eggs, which are very similar to those of the Meadow 
Pipit, though the spots are generally so indistinct, that 
they appear to be unicolorous grey, brown, or brownish 
red. They are sometimes found of a lighter colour, 
with markings displayed at wide intervals singly, and 
shining through a grey or bluish white ground. Some 
are marked with blackish brown hair streaks. The 
Polar Pipit has, like the Water and Bock Pipit, a 
double moult, but wfith the latter, it does not always 
put on the breeding plumage, retaining through the 
breeding season its autumnal dress. 
The male and female have the upper parts of the body 
olive browm, the head, nape, and back, having a slightly 
mottled appearance; primaries brown; the secondaries 
and long tertials darker, and edged with light grey, 
forming two bands across the wing. Tail slightly emar- 
ginate, the two upper feathers olive brown, the others 
dark black brown, except the outer ones on each side, 
which arc white, with half of the inner web dark browm; 
the second feather on each side slightly tipped wdth 
wdiite on the outer web. The chin and superciliary 
ridge pale yellowfish white, tinged wdth rufous; neck, 
crop, and flanks thickly covered wfith longitudinal brown 
spots, on a rusty white ground; abdomen and under 
tail coverts yellowish white, having a rusty tinge. Upper 
mandible, tarsi, and feet purplish browm; the lower 
