RUFFEl) i;USTARI). 9 



four iiiclies and a half of the distal extremities of the 

 first two, and three inches of the third and fourth black 

 brown; the outer web of the first spotted cream-colour; 

 the rest of the primaries dark brown black, tipped 

 with white; secondaries dark brown black. Lower part 

 of the neck, abdomen, and under wing coverts, pure 

 white, the shoulders russet and brown ; under tail 

 coverts whitish, with dots and zigzags of russet and 

 brown on the distal half. Tail feathers below cream- 

 colour, shaded with russet, and marked with brown 

 spots, and barred with three broad black bands; above 

 they are barred alternately with black and dark russet; 

 the end light cream-colour. Beak brownish grey; feet 

 greenish; iris colourless. 



The female differs but little from the male. It is 

 rather smaller, and the colours are less lively. According 

 to De Fontaine, ("Memoires de 1' Academie des Sciences, 

 1787,") she carries like him a crest and a ruff; but 

 Temminck says she has neither ; the head and top of 

 the neck whitish, starred with brown spots; the feathers 

 of the ruff are short and silky; the front of the neck 

 russet, with small spots and zigzags of brown. 



Young males. Feathers of the crest shorter, with 

 the delicate ash-coloured streaks, and russet towards 

 their extremities; the black and white feathers of the 

 ruff of equal length, varied with brown and whitish; 

 back and wings isabelle red, varied with brown zigzags 

 and black spots; front of the neck russet, also varied 

 with brown zigzags. — (Degland.) 



My figures of this bird and its egg are from specimens 

 kindly sent me by Mr. Tristram. The former is from 

 the Lesser Sahara, and is marked June 7th., 1856. 



It has also been figured by Naumann, pi. 170, and 

 Gould, pi. 268. 



