PEJNDULIXE TIT. 
variety or race of that species. I have, however, been 
favoured by Mr. Wheelwright, of Gadsjo, near Carlstadt, 
in Sweden, with some remarks about this bird, which 
I will insert. Mr. W., who has had many opportunities 
of observing this and others of our most interesting 
European species, writes to mo, — 
‘^It so much resembles our IMarsh Tit, both in habit 
and appearance, that I really think it can hardly be 
called a separate species. There are, however, the fol- 
lowing differences, which are constant: — 
Head glossy silk black; cheeks and sides 
of the neck white, rather tinged with black ; back 
blackish grey brown. The edge of the outer web of 
wing feathers a little paler than the back. 
Borealis . — Head walnut dull black; cheeks and sides 
of the neck clear white; back grey. The edge of the 
outer web of wing feathers nearly clear white. 
In Borealis the tail is longer and different in con- 
struction. The outer tail feather is about two and a 
half or three lines longer than the middle one, which 
is nearly as long as the longest in the tail. The outer 
feather is considerably shorter than the other. In 
Palustris, on the contrary, the outer tail feathers are 
generally of the same length as the middle ones, and 
always only about a line shorter than the longest in the 
tail. 
Nilsson is of opinion that the species are distinct, and 
Kjterbolling agrees with him. 
If I remember right the British Marsh Tit always 
builds its nest with moss, etc. Now the nest of our P. 
borealis is always built of the fine under bark of the 
dead alder tree. That of the Crested and Blue Tit of 
moss, and sometimes feathers. 
P. borealis is very common in the south of Sweden, 
