46 M. A. F. Sundell on the Electromotive and Thermoelectric 



Reduced deflection : — 



For No. 1, = 101-82 

 „ No. 2, = 104-4 1 



Mean =10312 

 5. Results of the Investigation. — If the bodies investigated be 

 arranged according to the magnitude of the electromotive and 

 thermoelectric forces, in such wise that a preceding, electroposi- 

 tive, is opposed to a succeeding one, the following series are ob- 

 tained, in which the numbers give the relative values of these 

 forces on contact with copper. In the composition of the series, 

 only the values obtained in the later determinations are taken 

 into account, 



12 bismuth 1 tin . 



8 „ 1 „ . 



4 1 



Iron 



2 bismuth 1 tin 

 Copper .... 

 German silver . 

 32 bismuth 1 antimony 



Bismuth 



32 bismuth 3 antimony 



Consequently a metallic alloy, like the pure metals, takes the same 

 position in the electromotive as in the thermoelectric series. Because 

 the thermoelectric current at the hotter place of contact has the 

 same direction as the galvanic current produced by the electro- 

 motive force in action there, this force is augmented by the heat- 

 ing. These results hold only for temperatures below +30° C, 

 above which the temperature did not at any time ascend during 

 the experiments. 



If the numbers of the thermoelectric series be divided by the 

 corresponding ones of the electromotive series the following are 

 the quotients obtained : — 



12 bismuth 1 tin, and copper 

 8 bismuth 1 tin, and copper 

 4 bismuth 1 tin, and copper 



Iron 



2 bismuth 1 tin, and copper 

 Copper and German silver . 



„ 32 bismuth 1 antimony 



„ bismuth ...... 1*10 



„ 32 bismuth 3 antimony . 1*29 



Excepting the last, these quotients may be regarded as equal 



)inotive force. 



Thermoelectric force 



254-74 



270-69 



234-18 



236-39 



137-49 



145-75 



82-36 



86-12 



49-76 



51-59 











98-08 



103-12 



295-01 



295-24 



417-14 



460-06 



533-98 



680-94 



MO 

 1-09 

 1-06 

 1-05 

 104 

 1-05 

 1-00 



