On the Pliocene Deposits of the East of England. 167 



aud may have been, as formerly suggested by Prof. E. Ray 

 Lankester, the source from which the ' boxstones ' found at the 

 base of the Suffolk Crag have been derived. These boxstones 

 contain a fauna, not identical with, but of the same general 

 character as that of Lenham. 



(c) In the interval between the deposition of the Lenham Beds 

 aud the Coralline Crag the sea retired to the north, in consequence 

 of the upheaval of the southern part of the area, as it did in 

 Belgium towards the close of the Diestien period. 



(d) The Lenham Beds are most nearly, though not exactly, 

 represented by the Zone a Terebratula grandis of Belgium, and 

 possibly by some fossiliferous deposits recently discovered at 

 Waenrode near Diest, the Coralline Crag corresponding very closely 

 with the Belgian Zone a Isocardia cor. 



II. With regard to the Coralline Crag : — 



(a) That the junction of the Crag with the London Clav dips to 

 the N.N.E. 



(/>) That no satisfactory evidence, either stratigraphical or 

 palseontological, is forthcoming to show that any divisions to be 

 observed in this formation at Sutton are persistent at other 

 localities ; and that species which have been tabulated as charac- 

 teristic of certain horizons are found also in other parts of the 

 Coralline Crag, and often in the lied Crag as well. 



(c) That there is no evidence of any great subsidence, of deep- 

 sea conditions, of great changes of climate, or of the operation 

 of floating ice during the period. The climate was warmer than 

 that of Britain at the present day, more nearly approaching that of 

 the Mediterranean or the Azores. 



{d) That, so far from it being possible to separate this Crag into 

 eight zones, the twofold division hitherto adopted, into shelly 

 incoherent sands and indurated rock, can no longer be maintained, 

 the latter being merely an altered condition of the former, as 

 proved by the discovery of a section showing the two types passing 

 laterally into each other. 



(e) That, with the exception of the base, this Crag forms a con- 

 sistent and continuous whole, accumulated under similar conditions, 

 namely, in the form of submarine banks, piled up by currents in 

 sheltered situations like that known as the Turbot Bank off the 

 Antrim Coast and those at the south of the Isle of Man, where 

 Prof. Herdman's ' neritic ' deposits occur. 



(/) That the German Ocean was less open to the north during 

 the Coralline Crag period than at present, but that it was connected 

 with the Atlantic by a channel over some part of the southern 

 counties of England. 



III. With regard to the Red Crag : — 



That it forms, with the exception of the Chillesford Beds and 

 1 the unfossiliferous sands of the Crag,' a continuous sequence of 

 deposits arranged horizontally, and not vertically. It was a marginal 

 accumulation of a sea slowly retreating to the north and east, as 

 shown by the gradually increasing number of northern mollusca met 

 with in this direction. 



