380 VILLAGE OF IONGA PANZA. 



set out. An English trader may there hear a demand for pay. 

 ment of guides, but never, so far as I am aware, is he asked to pay 

 for leave to traverse a country. The idea does not seem to have 

 entered the native mind, except through slave-traders, for the ab- 

 origines all acknowledge that the untilled land, not needed for pas- 

 turage, belongs to God alone, and that no harm is done by people 

 passing through it. I rather believe that, wherever the slave-trade 

 has not penetrated, the visits of strangers are esteemed a real 

 privilege. 



The village of old Ionga Panza (lat. 10° 25' S., long. 20° 15 / 

 E.) is small, and embowered in lofty evergreen trees, which were 

 hung around with fine festoons of creepers. He sent us food im- 

 mediately, and soon afterward a goat, which was considered a 

 handsome gift, there being but few domestic animals, though the 

 country is well adapted for them. I suspect this, like the country 

 of Shinte and Katema, must have been a tsetse district, and only 

 recently rendered capable of supporting other domestic animals be- 

 sides the goat, by the destruction of the game through the exten- 

 sive introduction of fire-arms. We might all have been as igno- 

 rant of the existence of this insect plague as the Portuguese, had 

 it not been for the numerous migrations of pastoral tribes which 

 took place in the south in consequence of Zulu irruptions. 



During these exciting scenes I always forgot my fever, but 

 a terrible sense of sinking came back with the feeling of safety. 

 The same demand of payment for leave to pass was made on 

 the 20th by old Ionga Panza as by the other Chiboque. I 

 offered the shell presented by Shinte, but Ionga Panza said 

 he was too old for ornaments. We might have succeeded very 

 well with him, for he was by no means unreasonable, and had 

 but a very small village of supporters ; but our two guides from 

 Kangenke complicated our difficulties by sending for a body of 

 Bangala traders, with a view to force us to sell the tusks of 

 Sekeletu, and pay them with the price. We offered to pay 

 them handsomely if they would perform their promise of guid- 

 ing us to Cassange, but they knew no more of the paths than 

 we did ; and my men had paid them repeatedly, and tried to 

 get rid of them, but could not. They now joined with our 

 enemies, and so did the traders. Two guns and some beads 

 belonging to the latter were standing in our encampment, and 



