432 SUGAR MANUFACTORY.— GEOLOGY. 



named from having been the residence of a former native king. 

 The proportion of slaves is only 3*38 per cent, of the inhabitants. 

 The commandant of this place, Laurence Jose Marquis, is a frank 

 old soldier and a most hospitable man ; he is one of the few who 

 secure the universal approbation of their fellow-men for stern, un- 

 flinching honesty, and has risen from the ranks to be a major in 

 the army. We were accompanied thus far by our generous host, 

 Edmund Gabriel, Esq., who, by his unwearied attentions to my- 

 self, and liberality in supporting my men, had become endeared to 

 all our hearts. My men were strongly impressed with a sense of 

 his goodness, and often spoke of him in terms of admiration all 

 the way to Linyanti. 



While here we visited a large sugar manufactory belonging to 

 a lady, Donna Anna da Sousa. The flat alluvial lands on the 

 banks of the Senza or Bengo are well adapted for raising sugar- 

 cane, and this lady had a surprising number of slaves, but some- 

 how the establishment was far from being in a flourishing condi- 

 tion. It presented such a contrast to the free-labor establishments 

 of the Mauritius, which I have since seen, where, with not one 

 tenth of the number of hands, or such good soil, a man of color 

 had, in one year, cleared £5000 by a single crop, that I quote the 

 fact, in hopes it may meet the eye of Donna Anna. 



The water of the river is muddy, and it is observed that such 

 rivers have many more musquitoes than those which have clear 

 water. It was remarked to us here that these insects are much 

 more numerous at the period of new moon than at other times ; at 

 any rate, we were all thankful to get away from the Senza and its 

 insect plagues. 



The whole of this part of the country is composed of marly 

 tufa, containing the same kind of shells as those at present alive 

 in the seas. As we advanced eastward and ascended the higher 

 lands, we found eruptive trap, which had tilted up immense 

 masses of mica and sandstone schists. The mica schist almost 

 always dipped toward the interior of the country, forming those 

 mountain ranges of which we have already spoken as giving a 

 highland character to the district of Golungo Alto. The trap 

 has frequently run through the gorges made in the upheaved 

 rocks, and at the points of junction between the igneous and 

 older rocks there are large quantities of strongly magnetic iron 



