434 



CHEAPNESS OF LABOR. 



The lower figures are engaged in spinning in the real African 

 method, and the weavers in the left-hand corner have their web in 

 the Angolese fashion. 



Ancient Spinning and Weaving, perpetuated in Africa at the present day. 

 From Wilkinson's "Ancient Egyptians," p. 85, 86. 



Numbers of other articles are brought for sale to these sleeping- 

 places. The native smiths there carry on their trade. I bought 

 ten very good table-knives, made of country iron, for twopence 

 each. 



Labor is extremely cheap, for I was assured that even carpen- 

 ters, masons, smiths, etc., might be hired for fourpence a day, and 

 agriculturists would gladly work for half that sum.* 



* In order that the reader may understand the social position of the people of 

 this country, I here give the census of the district of Golungo Alto for the year 

 1854, though the numbers are evidently not all furnished : 



238 householders or yeomen. 

 4224 patrons, or head men of sev- 

 eral hamlets. 

 23 native chiefs or sovas. 

 292 macotas or councilors. 

 5838 carriers. 

 126 carpenters. 

 72 masons. 



300 shoemakers. 

 181 potters. 



25 tailors. 



12 barbers. 

 206 iron-founders. 

 486 bellows-blowers. 

 586 coke-makers. 

 173 iron-miners. 



