484 MODE OF ADDRESSING SLAVES. 



The country was generally covered with forest, and we slept 

 every night at some village. I was so weak, and had become so 

 deaf from the effects of the fever, that I was glad to avail myself 

 of the company of Senhor Pascoal and the other native traders. 

 Our rate of traveling was only two geographical miles per hour, 

 and the average number of hours three and a half per day, or 

 seven miles. Two thirds of the month was spent in stoppages, 

 there being only ten traveling days in each month. The stop- 

 pages were caused by sickness, and the necessity of remaining 

 in different parts to purchase food ; and also because, when one 

 carrier was sick, the rest refused to carry his load. 



One of the Pombeiros had eight good-looking women in a 

 chain whom he was taking to the country of Matiamvo to sell for 

 ivory. They always looked ashamed when I happened to come 

 near them, and must have felt keenly their forlorn and degraded 

 position. I believe they were captives taken from the rebel 

 Cassanges. The way in which slaves are spoken of in Angola 

 and eastern Africa must sound strangely even to the owners when 

 they first come from Europe. In Angola the common appellation 

 is "o diabo," or "brutu;" and it is quite usual to hear gentle- 

 men call out, " O diabo ! bring fire." In eastern Africa, on the 

 contrary, they apply the term " bicho" (an animal), and you hear 

 the phrase, " Call the animal to do this or that." In fact, slave- 

 owners come to regard their slaves as not human, and will curse 

 them as the "race of a dog." Most of the carriers of my travel- 

 ing companions were hired Basongo, and required constant vigi- 

 lance to prevent them stealing the goods they carried. Salt, which 

 is one of the chief articles conveyed into the country, became con- 

 siderably lighter as we went along, but the carriers shielded them- 

 selves by saying that it had been melted by the rain. Their bur- 

 dens were taken from them every evening, and placed in security 

 under the guardianship of Senhor Pascoal's own slaves. It was 

 pitiable to observe the worrying life he led. There was the great- 

 est contrast possible between the conduct of his people and that 

 of my faithful Makololo. 



We crossed the Loange, a deep but narrow stream, by a bridge. 

 It becomes much larger, and contains hippopotami, lower down. 

 It is the boundary of Londa on the west. We slept also on the 

 banks of the Pezo, now flooded, and could not but admire their 



