.' 



THE 

 LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 



AND 



JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 



CONDUCTED BY 



LORD KELVIN, G.C.V.O. D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S. &c. 

 GEORGE FRANCIS FITZGERALD, M.A. Sc.D. F.R.S. 



AND 



WILLIAM FRANCIS, Ph.D. F.L.S. F.R.A.S. F.C.S. 



11 Nee aranearum sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee noster 

 vilior quia ex alienis libaraus ut apes." Just. Lips. Polit. lib. i. cap. 1. Not. 



VOL. XLVIL— FIFTH SERIES. 

 JANUARY— JUNE 1899. 



LONDON: 

 TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 



SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD. ; tVHITTAKEB AND CO. 



AND BY ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK; T. AND T.CLARK, EDINBURGH; 



SMITH AND SON, GLASGOW; — HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO , DUBLIN J 



PUTNAM, NEW YORE, — VEUVE J. BOYVEAU; PARIS \— 

 AND ASHER AND CO,, BERLIN. 



f*1 O /"* O i*-" 



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