﻿Properties 
  of 
  Newly 
  Prepared 
  Gases. 
  131 
  

  

  At 
  a 
  temperature 
  between 
  22° 
  and 
  23° 
  a 
  thin 
  cloud 
  began 
  

   to 
  appear 
  over 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  B, 
  and 
  the 
  spot 
  of 
  light 
  was 
  then 
  

   moving 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  four 
  divisions 
  per 
  minute, 
  so 
  that 
  before 
  

   the 
  cloud 
  becomes 
  distinctly 
  visible 
  a 
  small 
  electrification 
  of 
  

   about 
  2 
  x 
  10 
  -4 
  electrostatic 
  units 
  per 
  c.c. 
  is 
  necessary. 
  When 
  

   the 
  current 
  is 
  continued 
  and 
  the 
  cell 
  becomes 
  hotter, 
  the 
  

   electrification 
  on 
  the 
  gas 
  increases 
  and 
  the 
  cloud 
  becomes 
  

   denser. 
  

  

  6. 
  In 
  order 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  cloud 
  disappears 
  when 
  the 
  

   charge 
  on 
  the 
  gas 
  is 
  removed, 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  cell 
  was 
  

   raised 
  to 
  48°, 
  and, 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  apparatus 
  as 
  was 
  used 
  for 
  

   the 
  last 
  experiment, 
  the 
  three 
  following 
  results 
  were 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  (a) 
  When 
  the 
  gas 
  passes 
  from 
  the 
  cell 
  to 
  the 
  inductor 
  

  

  without 
  filtering 
  through 
  glass 
  wool, 
  a 
  dense 
  cloud 
  

   was 
  observed 
  over 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  B, 
  and 
  a 
  deflexion 
  of 
  

   twenty-nine 
  divisions 
  negative 
  per 
  minute 
  was 
  obtained 
  

   as 
  the 
  gas 
  entered 
  I. 
  

  

  (b) 
  The 
  tube 
  connecting 
  A 
  and 
  B 
  was 
  removed, 
  and 
  a 
  tube 
  

  

  containing 
  glass 
  wool 
  was 
  substituted. 
  With 
  the 
  same 
  

   current 
  through 
  the 
  cell 
  a 
  slight 
  cloud 
  was 
  seen 
  over 
  

   the 
  water 
  in 
  B, 
  and 
  the 
  deflexion 
  was 
  reduced 
  to 
  six 
  

   divisions 
  per 
  minute. 
  The 
  electrification 
  of 
  the 
  gas 
  

   was 
  thus 
  reduced 
  to 
  one-fifth 
  of 
  its 
  original 
  value 
  by 
  

   passing 
  through 
  fifteen 
  centimetres 
  of 
  glass 
  wool. 
  The 
  

   amount 
  of 
  spray 
  carried 
  through 
  this 
  length 
  of 
  wool 
  

   must 
  have 
  been 
  extremely 
  small, 
  but 
  the 
  cloud 
  was 
  

   distinctly 
  visible. 
  

  

  (c) 
  The 
  tube 
  containing 
  the 
  glass 
  wool 
  was 
  heated 
  with 
  a 
  

  

  Bunsen 
  burner, 
  and 
  its 
  discharging-power 
  was 
  con- 
  

   siderably 
  increased, 
  as 
  the 
  spot 
  of 
  light 
  then 
  gave 
  

   only 
  two 
  divisions 
  per 
  minute, 
  and 
  no 
  cloud 
  was 
  

   observed 
  over 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  B. 
  

   It 
  is 
  thus 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  cloud 
  and 
  the 
  

  

  presence 
  of 
  the 
  charge 
  are 
  phenomena 
  which 
  accompany 
  one 
  

  

  another. 
  

  

  7. 
  The 
  clouds 
  which 
  are 
  formed 
  are 
  slightly 
  different 
  in 
  

   appearance, 
  and 
  for 
  equal 
  electrifications 
  those 
  formed 
  in 
  

   oxygen 
  are 
  whiter 
  than 
  those 
  formed 
  in 
  hydrogen. 
  A 
  dif- 
  

   ference 
  is 
  also 
  to 
  be 
  noticed 
  between 
  the 
  positive 
  and 
  negative 
  

   oxygen 
  clouds, 
  that 
  formed 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  the 
  whiter. 
  

   This 
  would 
  point 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  drops 
  formed 
  in 
  the 
  

   negative 
  oxygen 
  are 
  larger 
  than 
  those 
  in 
  the 
  positive, 
  and 
  that 
  

   those 
  formed 
  in 
  either 
  positive 
  or 
  negative 
  oxygen 
  are 
  larger 
  

   than 
  those 
  in 
  the 
  hydrogen. 
  A 
  fairly 
  approximate 
  value 
  for 
  

   the 
  radius 
  of 
  the 
  drop 
  may 
  be 
  obtained 
  by 
  observing 
  the 
  rate 
  

  

  