﻿156 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  Conductivity 
  of 
  Aqueous 
  Solutions. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  table 
  gives 
  the 
  concentrations, 
  in 
  gramme- 
  

   equivalents 
  per 
  litre, 
  of 
  the 
  constituent 
  solutions, 
  the 
  volumes 
  

   of 
  the 
  chloride 
  solutions 
  mixed 
  with 
  25 
  c.c. 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  sulphate 
  

   solutions, 
  the 
  common 
  concentration 
  of 
  ions, 
  the 
  observed 
  and 
  

   calculated 
  values 
  of 
  the 
  specific 
  conductivity, 
  and 
  the 
  differ- 
  

   ences 
  between 
  observed 
  and 
  calculated 
  values 
  expressed 
  as 
  

   percentages. 
  Conductivities 
  are 
  expressed 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  former 
  

   tables, 
  and, 
  as 
  before, 
  the 
  solutions 
  were 
  prepared 
  and 
  their 
  

   conductivities 
  determined 
  at 
  18° 
  G. 
  Observations 
  of 
  density 
  

   made 
  before 
  and 
  after 
  mixing 
  showed 
  that 
  no 
  change 
  of 
  

   volume 
  occurred 
  which 
  required 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  into 
  account 
  in 
  

   the 
  calculations. 
  

  

  Constituent 
  Solutions. 
  

  

  Mixtures. 
  

  

  Concentration. 
  

  

  Volumes 
  of 
  

   Chloride 
  

   Solutions 
  

  

  (CO.). 
  

  

  43-81 
  

  

  Concen- 
  

   tration 
  

   of 
  Ions. 
  

  

  Conductivity. 
  

  

  KC1. 
  

  

  NaOl. 
  

  

  iK 
  2 
  S0 
  4 
  . 
  

  

  §Na 
  2 
  SO> 
  

  

  Ob- 
  

   served. 
  

  

  Calcu- 
  

   lated. 
  

  

  Difference 
  

   per 
  cent. 
  

  

  •5814 
  

  

  •6410 
  

  

  •8460 
  

  

  1-019 
  

  

  •454 
  

  

  521-7 
  

  

  5183 
  

  

  -0-65 
  

  

  •5000 
  

  

  •5393 
  

  

  •7902 
  

  

  •8375 
  

  

  41-87 
  

  

  •393 
  

  

  460-4 
  

  

  458-1 
  

  

  -0-50 
  

  

  •4166 
  

  

  •4484 
  

  

  •5903 
  

  

  •6711 
  

  

  40-26 
  

  

  •333 
  

  

  380-2 
  

  

  380-0 
  

  

  -0-05 
  

  

  •3930 
  

  

  •4166 
  

  

  •5540 
  

  

  •6289 
  

  

  40 
  00 
  

  

  •315 
  

  

  3569 
  

  

  358-4 
  

  

  4-0-42 
  

  

  •3566 
  

  

  •3787 
  

  

  •5000 
  

  

  •5617 
  

  

  39-38 
  

  

  •288 
  

  

  331-1 
  

  

  328-8 
  

  

  -0-69 
  

  

  •3401 
  

  

  •3571 
  

  

  •4739 
  

  

  •5291 
  

  

  3888 
  

  

  •274 
  

  

  3160 
  

  

  313-9 
  

  

  -0-67 
  

  

  •2380 
  

  

  •2£00 
  

  

  •3225 
  

  

  •3478 
  

  

  36-55 
  

  

  •196 
  

  

  223 
  

  

  223-8 
  

  

  -r0-36 
  

  

  •2008 
  

  

  •2083 
  

  

  •2702 
  

  

  •2902 
  

  

  36-13 
  

  

  •167 
  

  

  190-9 
  

  

  191-3 
  

  

  +0-21 
  

  

  •1675 
  

  

  •1736 
  

  

  •2201 
  

  

  •2374 
  

  

  35-42 
  

  

  •141 
  

  

  162-3 
  

  

  161-5 
  

  

  -049 
  

  

  •1310 
  

  

  •1349 
  

  

  •1674 
  

  

  •1834 
  

  

  3499 
  

  

  •112 
  

  

  127-8 
  

  

  1280 
  

  

  4-016 
  

  

  •1219 
  

  

  •1265 
  

  

  •1552 
  

  

  •1700 
  

  

  34-85 
  

  

  •104 
  

  

  1192 
  

  

  118-8 
  

  

  -0-34 
  

  

  •1032 
  

  

  •1063 
  

  

  •1287 
  

  

  •1419 
  

  

  34-36 
  

  

  •089 
  

  

  1047 
  

  

  104-4 
  

  

  -029 
  

  

  •0787 
  

  

  •0800 
  

  

  •0969 
  

  

  •0984 
  

  

  31-25 
  

  

  •068 
  

  

  78-00 
  

  

  78-23 
  

  

  +0-29 
  

  

  •0648 
  

  

  •0659 
  

  

  •0791 
  

  

  •0800 
  

  

  30-88 
  

  

  •0568 
  

  

  65-29 
  

  

  6503 
  

  

  -0-40 
  

  

  •0527 
  

  

  •0536 
  

  

  •0640 
  

  

  •0644 
  

  

  30-57 
  

  

  •0467 
  

  

  52-92 
  

  

  53-03 
  

  

  +021 
  

  

  •0500 
  

  

  0512 
  

  

  •0607 
  

  

  •0611 
  

  

  30-52 
  

  

  •0445 
  

  

  50-75 
  

  

  50-91 
  

  

  4-0-32 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  the 
  differences 
  between 
  observed 
  and 
  

   calculated 
  values 
  range 
  from 
  0*7 
  to 
  0*2 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  that 
  the 
  

   larger 
  differences 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  concentrated 
  

   solutions 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  have 
  the 
  same 
  sign, 
  and 
  that 
  

   in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  dilute 
  solutions 
  the 
  differences 
  are 
  

   either 
  within 
  or 
  but 
  little 
  beyond 
  the 
  limit 
  of 
  error 
  of 
  the 
  

   observed 
  values 
  and 
  are 
  about 
  equally 
  distributed 
  as 
  to 
  

   sign. 
  For 
  the 
  stronger 
  solutions 
  it 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  expected 
  that 
  

   the 
  differences 
  would 
  be 
  beyond 
  the 
  limit 
  of 
  observational 
  

   error 
  ; 
  because 
  (1) 
  the 
  ratios 
  of 
  the 
  specific 
  molecular 
  con- 
  

   ductivity 
  to 
  the 
  specific 
  molecular 
  conductivity 
  at 
  infinite 
  

   dilution, 
  which 
  were 
  taken 
  to 
  be 
  equal 
  to 
  the 
  ionization- 
  

  

  