﻿284 
  Geological 
  Society. 
  

  

  radial 
  structure 
  is 
  subsequently 
  developed. 
  He 
  concludes 
  by 
  com- 
  

   paring 
  the 
  pyromerides 
  of 
  Boulay 
  Bay 
  with 
  specimens 
  from 
  other 
  

   localities 
  described 
  by 
  MM. 
  Delesse 
  and 
  Levy, 
  Prof. 
  Iddings, 
  and 
  

   Miss 
  Raisin, 
  or 
  collected 
  by 
  himself, 
  and 
  by 
  discussing 
  the 
  quartz- 
  

   filled 
  cavities 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  certain 
  cases. 
  These 
  he 
  regards 
  as 
  

   originally 
  vesicles, 
  and 
  not 
  due 
  to 
  any 
  subsequent 
  decomposition. 
  

  

  2. 
  ' 
  On 
  the 
  Exploration 
  of 
  Ty 
  Newydd 
  Cave 
  near 
  Tremeirchion, 
  

   North 
  Wales.' 
  By 
  the 
  Bev. 
  G. 
  C. 
  H. 
  Pollen, 
  S.J., 
  F.G.S. 
  

  

  In 
  November 
  1896 
  a 
  Committee 
  was 
  formed, 
  consisting 
  of 
  

   Dr. 
  H. 
  Hicks, 
  Dr. 
  H. 
  Woodward, 
  and 
  the 
  author, 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  

   of 
  exploring 
  this 
  cavern, 
  which 
  is 
  situated 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  ravine 
  on 
  

   the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Yale 
  of 
  Clwyd 
  as 
  the 
  well-known 
  caverns 
  of 
  

   Pfynnon 
  Beuno 
  and 
  Cae 
  Gwyn, 
  explored 
  about 
  12 
  years 
  ago 
  by 
  

   Dr. 
  H. 
  Hicks 
  and 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  B. 
  Luxmoore. 
  Grants 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  

   by 
  the 
  B-oyal 
  Society 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  Government 
  Grant 
  Committee 
  

   for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  carrying 
  on 
  the 
  explorations 
  ; 
  and 
  though 
  a 
  

   considerable 
  time 
  must 
  elapse 
  before 
  the 
  work 
  is 
  completed, 
  the 
  

   results 
  already 
  obtained 
  are 
  of 
  so 
  much 
  importance 
  that 
  the 
  author 
  

   has 
  thought 
  it 
  advisable 
  to 
  bring 
  them 
  before 
  the 
  Society. 
  In 
  the 
  

   work 
  of 
  exploration 
  he 
  has 
  throughout 
  been 
  ably 
  assisted 
  by 
  the 
  

   theological 
  students 
  of 
  St. 
  Beuno's 
  College. 
  The 
  cavern 
  had 
  been 
  

   in 
  part 
  broken 
  into 
  by 
  quarrying 
  operations, 
  but 
  the 
  chambers 
  and 
  

   tunnels 
  were 
  completely 
  filled 
  up 
  with 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  stratified 
  deposits, 
  

   and 
  had 
  remained 
  entirely 
  untouched. 
  

  

  Although 
  the 
  ground 
  above 
  the 
  cavern 
  is 
  strewn 
  over 
  with 
  drift 
  

   and 
  erratics 
  from 
  the 
  North 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  central 
  areas 
  of 
  Wales, 
  

   not 
  a 
  fragment 
  of 
  anything 
  but 
  immediately 
  local 
  material 
  has 
  been 
  

   discovered 
  in 
  the 
  cavern 
  itself, 
  showing 
  clearly 
  that 
  the 
  deposits 
  in 
  

   the 
  cavern 
  had 
  been 
  carried 
  in 
  by 
  water 
  before 
  the 
  Northern 
  and 
  

   W 
  T 
  estern 
  ice 
  had 
  reached 
  this 
  area. 
  The 
  work 
  has 
  been 
  carried 
  on 
  

   almost 
  continuously 
  throughout 
  the 
  year, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  material 
  

   has 
  been 
  removed 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  over 
  60 
  iee'z 
  from 
  the 
  entrance. 
  

   The 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  cavern 
  above 
  sea-level 
  is 
  420 
  feet, 
  or 
  about 
  

   20 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  Cae 
  Gwyn 
  Cave. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  points 
  appear 
  to 
  the 
  author 
  to 
  be 
  now 
  fully 
  

   established 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  material 
  in 
  the 
  Ty 
  Newydd 
  Cave, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  parts 
  of 
  

   those 
  of 
  Efynnon 
  Beuno 
  and 
  Cae 
  Gwyn, 
  is 
  of 
  purely 
  local 
  origin. 
  

   Of 
  this 
  he 
  can 
  speak 
  with 
  confidence, 
  as 
  the 
  question 
  was 
  before 
  

   him 
  from 
  the 
  beginning 
  and 
  the 
  gravels 
  were 
  examined 
  with 
  minute 
  

   care 
  for 
  erratics. 
  

  

  2. 
  This 
  local 
  deposit 
  is 
  of 
  earlier 
  date 
  than 
  the 
  Boulder 
  Clay 
  with 
  

   "Western 
  and 
  Northern 
  Drift. 
  This 
  was 
  proved 
  by 
  the 
  finding 
  of 
  

   granite- 
  and 
  felsite-boulders 
  abundantly 
  at 
  higher 
  levels 
  and 
  over 
  

   the 
  Cave, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  case 
  filling 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   fissures 
  communicating 
  from 
  above 
  with 
  the 
  Cavern. 
  

  

  3. 
  The 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  tooth 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  mammal 
  (Rhinoceros) 
  

   in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Cave 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  animal 
  was 
  con- 
  

   temporary 
  with, 
  or 
  of 
  earlier 
  date 
  than 
  the 
  infilling 
  of 
  the 
  Cavern 
  

   by 
  the 
  local 
  drift. 
  

  

  