﻿Diamagnetic 
  and 
  Weakly 
  Magnetic 
  Substances. 
  433 
  

  

  and 
  von 
  Ettingshausen* 
  (1877) 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  measure- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  the 
  force 
  of 
  repulsion 
  upon 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  bismuth 
  hung 
  

   near 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  solenoid. 
  3. 
  The 
  method 
  used 
  by 
  Rowland 
  

   and 
  Jacques 
  f 
  (187i)) 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  measurement 
  of 
  the 
  

   influence 
  of 
  the 
  diamagnetic 
  force 
  upon 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  swing 
  of 
  

   a 
  piece 
  of 
  bismuth 
  suspended 
  in 
  an 
  inbomogeneous 
  magnetic 
  

   field. 
  4. 
  The 
  method 
  used 
  by 
  von 
  Ettingsbausen 
  % 
  (1882) 
  

   depends 
  upon 
  the 
  measurement 
  .directly 
  of 
  diamagnetic 
  action 
  

   at 
  a 
  distance. 
  

  

  von 
  Ettingshausen 
  has 
  used 
  all 
  the 
  above-mentioned 
  

   methods, 
  and 
  for 
  an 
  interesting 
  comparison 
  of 
  results 
  obtained 
  

   with 
  these 
  methods, 
  a 
  table, 
  taken 
  from 
  Winkelmann's 
  Hand- 
  

   buck 
  der 
  Pliysik, 
  is 
  subjoined 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Values 
  of 
  k 
  for 
  Bismuth. 
  

  

  Extreme 
  Values. 
  Mean 
  Values. 
  

  

  13-35 
  to 
  1382 
  xlO 
  -6 
  1357 
  Xl0 
  -6 
  

  

  13-82 
  to 
  14-08 
  „ 
  1399 
  „ 
  

  

  14-41 
  to 
  14-80 
  „ 
  14-54 
  „ 
  

  

  13-41 
  to 
  13-54 
  „ 
  13-48 
  

  

  1409 
  to 
  1413 
  „ 
  14-11 
  „ 
  

  

  15-30 
  „ 
  

  

  1313 
  to 
  13-66 
  „ 
  13-35 
  „ 
  

  

  General 
  mean 
  14-05 
  „ 
  

  

  von 
  Ettingshausen 
  also 
  made 
  absolute 
  determinations 
  of 
  

   the 
  susceptibility 
  for 
  antimony 
  and 
  tellurium. 
  There 
  has 
  

   been 
  a 
  considerable 
  amount 
  of 
  work 
  done 
  by 
  various 
  physi- 
  

   cists 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  determination 
  of 
  the 
  susceptibility 
  for 
  liquids 
  

   and 
  gases. 
  A 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  liquids 
  and 
  gases 
  have 
  been 
  

   used, 
  and 
  the 
  susceptibility 
  has 
  been 
  determined 
  for 
  them 
  

   by 
  different 
  methods. 
  The 
  results 
  thus 
  obtained 
  sometimes 
  

   differ 
  widely. 
  

  

  Concerning 
  the 
  determination 
  of 
  the 
  susceptibility 
  for 
  

   bodies 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  small 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  

   methods 
  previously 
  used 
  have 
  sometimes 
  suffered 
  greatly 
  in 
  

   consequence 
  of 
  the 
  weakness 
  of 
  the 
  action 
  to 
  be 
  observed. 
  

   Ko 
  doubt 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  divergent 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  different 
  

   physicists 
  are 
  due 
  in 
  large 
  measure 
  to 
  dissimilarity 
  in 
  the 
  

   samples 
  of 
  the 
  substance 
  experimented 
  upon. 
  In 
  some 
  cases, 
  

   however, 
  they 
  seem 
  due 
  to 
  some 
  chronic 
  weakness 
  in 
  the 
  

   method 
  of 
  experimentation. 
  A 
  fundamental 
  difficulty 
  met 
  

   with 
  in 
  the 
  elaboration 
  of 
  a 
  method 
  for 
  the 
  studv 
  of 
  diamao-_ 
  

  

  * 
  Pogg. 
  Ann. 
  clx. 
  p. 
  1 
  (1877). 
  

  

  t 
  Arner. 
  Journ. 
  Sci. 
  xviii. 
  p. 
  360 
  (1879). 
  

  

  \ 
  ^SYien. 
  Ber. 
  lxxxv. 
  [2] 
  p. 
  37 
  ; 
  "Wied. 
  Ann. 
  xvii. 
  p. 
  272. 
  

  

  Ok 
  

  

  erver 
  

  

  

  v. 
  Ettingshausen 
  1 
  

  

  Method 
  

  

  >> 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  )j 
  

  

  >j 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  >> 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  ,; 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  General 
  me 
  

  

  