﻿and 
  of 
  Electrification 
  on 
  the 
  Re- 
  formation 
  of 
  Clouds. 
  457 
  

  

  A 
  tube 
  containing 
  a 
  plug 
  of 
  glass-wool 
  introduced 
  between 
  

   the 
  sulphuric 
  acid 
  bottles 
  and 
  F 
  did 
  not 
  prevent 
  the 
  reap- 
  

   pearance 
  of 
  the 
  cloud 
  in 
  F, 
  unless 
  it 
  was 
  several 
  inches 
  long 
  

   and 
  tightly 
  packed. 
  

  

  To 
  try 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  electrification 
  on 
  the 
  clouds 
  a 
  wire 
  E 
  

   was 
  fixed 
  opposite 
  the 
  nozzle 
  of 
  the 
  sprayer 
  and 
  connected 
  to 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  poles 
  of 
  a 
  battery 
  of 
  400 
  cells 
  giving 
  about 
  700 
  to 
  

   800 
  volts. 
  The 
  other 
  pole 
  of 
  the 
  battery 
  and 
  the 
  solution 
  in 
  

   the 
  sprayer 
  were 
  connected 
  to 
  earth. 
  The 
  original 
  cloud 
  was 
  

   now 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  strongly 
  charged 
  of 
  opposite 
  sign 
  to 
  the 
  

   wire. 
  The 
  flask 
  F 
  was 
  insulated 
  and 
  wrapped 
  in 
  tinfoil, 
  

   which 
  was 
  connected 
  with 
  one 
  pair 
  of 
  quadrants 
  of 
  a 
  quadrant 
  

   electrometer, 
  the 
  other 
  pair 
  being 
  connected 
  to 
  earth. 
  The 
  

   air 
  was 
  passed 
  into 
  F 
  through 
  a 
  metal 
  tube, 
  which 
  was 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  to 
  earth 
  and 
  did 
  not 
  touch 
  F. 
  

  

  On 
  spraying 
  distilled 
  water 
  a 
  charge 
  on 
  F 
  was 
  indicated 
  

   by 
  the 
  electrometer. 
  With 
  about 
  six 
  bubbles 
  passing 
  per 
  

   second 
  the 
  electrometer 
  deflexion 
  increased 
  about 
  50 
  divisions 
  

   per 
  minute 
  (1 
  volt 
  gave 
  30 
  divisions), 
  showing 
  a 
  negative 
  

   charge 
  on 
  F 
  when 
  E 
  was 
  positive, 
  and 
  vice 
  versa. 
  On 
  

   stopping 
  the 
  sprayer 
  and 
  blowing 
  unelectrified 
  air 
  into 
  F 
  

   about 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  electrification 
  could 
  generally 
  be 
  blown 
  out. 
  

   No 
  cloud 
  appeared 
  in 
  F 
  when 
  the 
  air 
  was 
  bubbled 
  through 
  

   water, 
  although 
  the 
  air 
  carried 
  with 
  it 
  this 
  charge*. 
  

  

  On 
  putting 
  in 
  a 
  small 
  glass-wool 
  plug 
  between 
  F 
  and 
  the 
  

   sulphuric 
  acid 
  bottles 
  all 
  the 
  electrification 
  was 
  stopped 
  by 
  

   the 
  plug 
  unless 
  the 
  bubbling 
  was 
  very 
  rapid. 
  

  

  On 
  spraying 
  dilute 
  sulphuric 
  acid 
  a 
  charge 
  appeared 
  on 
  F 
  

   as 
  with 
  water, 
  and 
  the 
  usual 
  cloud 
  also 
  appeared. 
  On 
  putting 
  

   in 
  a 
  glass-wool 
  plug 
  between 
  F 
  and 
  the 
  sulphuric 
  acid 
  bottles, 
  

   however, 
  the 
  electrification 
  was 
  not 
  stopped 
  as 
  it 
  was 
  when 
  

   pure 
  water 
  was 
  sprayed, 
  but 
  the 
  electrometer 
  indicated 
  20 
  

   to 
  30 
  divisions 
  per 
  minute. 
  On 
  stopping 
  the 
  sprayer 
  and 
  

   blowing 
  into 
  F 
  practically 
  all 
  this 
  electrification 
  could 
  be 
  

   blown 
  out, 
  even 
  after 
  some 
  little 
  time 
  had 
  elapsed. 
  Other 
  

   solutions, 
  including 
  those 
  of 
  sugar 
  and 
  glycerine, 
  gave 
  similar 
  

   results. 
  

  

  It 
  thus 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  electrification 
  of 
  these 
  clouds 
  is 
  

   not 
  able 
  to 
  cause 
  them 
  to 
  reappear 
  in 
  moist 
  air 
  after 
  bubbling 
  

   through 
  sulphuric 
  acid, 
  although 
  the 
  electrification 
  is 
  not 
  re- 
  

   moved 
  from 
  the 
  gas 
  by 
  the 
  passage 
  through 
  the 
  acid. 
  In 
  

   order 
  that 
  the 
  cloud 
  may 
  reappear 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  that 
  the 
  

   drops 
  forming 
  it 
  should 
  contain 
  some 
  material 
  capable 
  of 
  

  

  * 
  When 
  the 
  wire 
  E 
  was 
  unelectrified 
  a 
  small 
  amount 
  of 
  electrification 
  

   could 
  still 
  be 
  detected 
  on 
  the 
  gas 
  entering 
  F, 
  giving 
  about 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  divisions 
  

   per 
  minute. 
  

  

  