1870.] Archeology. 247 



lochs, but they are usually solitary dwellings. Several duns, a 

 vitrified fort, a brough, and a flint manufactory were also enumerated 

 among the remains met with in this district. In connection with 

 Professor Busk's paper " On a Calvaria " (read Dec. 21), that gentle- 

 man, on the 22nd February, exhibited another calvaria from China, 

 lent by Dr. Lockhart. This skull is mounted in copper, and was 

 formerly supported on a tripod and furnished with a lid. 



On the same evening Mr. C. Monkman gave an account of 

 " Discoveries of Archaeological interest in recent Deposits in York- 

 shire." Worked flints have been met with in the clay of Kelsea 

 Hill. Large finds of stone implements of neolithic type are said to 

 have been made in the York sands. Many implements have also 

 been found in the old river-deposits in the Vale of Pickering, 

 opened for land-drainage works. 



A paper by Dr. Jagor, the well-known Eastern traveller and 

 author, was then read, " On the Natives of Naga, in Luzon, Philip- 

 pine Islands, " in which the author described in detail the manners 

 and customs of the Bicol Indians inhabiting this locality. 



Anthropological Society. 



Dr. Beddoe, President. Dec. 7, Dr. Leitner described his visit 

 to Dardistan in 1866, and gave some account of the Shina race. 

 Although the Dards were at war with the Maharajah of Kashmir, 

 Dr. Leitner was able to keep up friendly relations with them during 

 his stay at Ghilghit, and to collect much material relative to the 

 hitherto unwritten Dardoo dialects. The customs of these peoples 

 differ greatly from those of Mohammedans or Hindoos. They do 

 not appear to possess any religion or rites, save the placing of a 

 stone by each person annually on a cairn. Their food was stored 

 in caverns, each family possessing its separate depository. 



Dec. 14. Mr. Wake, " On the Kace-affinities of the Madacasses," 

 argues for the unity of origin of the light and dark tribes inhabiting 

 Madagascar, both the Hovas and the other race having a common 

 language and customs. Mr. Wake thinks Madagascar must for- 

 merly have been connected both with the African continent and the 

 Malay Archipelago. The natives possess the ox, the sheep, and 

 fowls in a domesticated condition (the dog is not mentioned) ; they 

 have also a knowledge of smelting and working iron. The author 

 conjectures that Madagascar was perhaps the seat of man's primi- 

 tive civilization. 



On the 4th January Mr. L. Owen Pike, M.A., communicated a 

 paper " On the Psychical Elements of Keligion." The author dis- 

 cussed the elements of popular creeds ; the religion which appeals 

 to the emotions and to the intellect ; the religion of the astrologers ; 

 the personification of natural objects and forces, human passions 



s 2 



