1870.] Astronomy. 517 



The characters of greatest value are — colour, character of hair, and 

 form of the skull. The author described five distinct types. 1. 

 The Australioid. 2. The Negroid. 3. The Xanthochroic, with 

 fair skin and blue eyes. 4. The Melanchroic, a type with dark 

 complexion, occupying an area between the Xanthochroic and 

 Australioid peoples; and 5. The Mongoloid. The paper was 

 illustrated by a large coloured map showing the distribution of these 

 five groups and their subdivisions. 



Professor Busk described the opening of the Park Cwm Tumulus 

 in the peninsula of Gower, South Wales. 



The Eev. Canon Green well read a paper " On his Exploration 

 of Grimes's Grave, Norfolk " (see last Chronicle, p. 383). 



Mr. Boyd-Dawkins gave an account of some remains of Platy- 

 cnemic or Flat-shinned people in Denbighshire. The remains were 

 found in two bone-caverns, a refuse-heap, and in a tumulus. Simi- 

 larly-formed bones have been obtained from Cro-Magnon Cave in 

 France, and the caves of Gibraltar. 



Colonel Lane Fox described the Dorchester dykes and Sinodun 

 Hill, and showed the works were British, and not Eoman. 



Mr. David Forbes, F.K.S., described the Aymara Indians of 

 Bolivia and Peru. In stature they are small, massive, and thick- 

 set, with large heads and short limbs. The trunk is disproportion- 

 ately large, and the capacity of the thorax enormous, being adapted 

 to meet the requirements of respiration at an altitude of 8000 to 

 16,000 feet above the sea-level, where the atmosphere is propor- 

 tionately rarified. Many interesting customs, &c, relative to this 

 people were recorded by the author. 



Anthropological Society. 



Dr. Hudson read a paper " On the Irish Celt ; " Mr. G. H. 

 Kinahan " On the Eace Elements of the Irish People ; " and 

 Dr. Beddoe " On the Kelts in Ireland." Dr. Beddoe describes the 

 Irish as a dark-haired but light-eyed race, and he argues that 

 wherever there is light hair it may be accounted for by the Danish 

 or English intercrossing. The dark hair of the Irish may be, partly 

 at least, attributed to the Gaelic Kelts. 



3. ASTEONOMY. 



(Including Proceedings of the Astronomical Society.) 



As we write, the prospects of the eclipse expeditions hardly appear 

 so favourable as could be wished. It seems doubtful whether Go- 

 vernment will be willing to aid the expeditions by supplying the 



