15. AKTHOPHOKA* 189 



entire brood of the colony will pass the ensuing winter either as 

 larvae or perfect insects ; none can withstand its rigonr in the inter- 

 mediate or pnpa state. Those which remain larvae until the return 

 of spring advance to the perfect state very irregularly ; many will 

 not become perfect until May, and a few probably not until June ; 

 this will account for the species being found during so many months 

 in one season. I have frequently had larvae in an artificial condition 

 (that is, in glass tubes or boxes) which have not changed until the 

 second season, but am quite unable to account for such an apparent 

 anomaly ; how little, in fact, is at present known of the complete 

 history of the Aculeate Hymenoptera ! for, to use the words of Kirby, 

 " So much knowledge, even with respect to a single genus, where 

 the species are numerous, is not to be expected from one man." But 

 if each hymen opterologist would give faithful records of his obser- 

 vations, the day will come when, by a combination of observations, 

 an approach will be made towards a perfect knowledge of the his- 

 tory, economy, and uses of each individual species. 



Section I. Males with elongate intermediate tarsi. 

 1. Anthophora retusa. 



A. hirsuta, atra, tibiarum posticarum scopa fulvo-aurea. Mas cor- 

 pore pilis fulvis dense vestito, ano nigricante. 



Anthophora retusa, Smith, Bees Great Brit. 203 J $ • 



Dours, Mon. Anthoph. 172 (not var.). 

 Apis retusa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 954, et Cab. Mas. Linn. Soc. £ • 

 Megilla retusa, Nylancl. Notis. ur Sallsk. pro Faun. Fenn. ii. 265. 



Thorns. Hym. Scand. ii. 56. 

 Apis haworthana, Kirby, Mon. Apum Angl. ii. 307 S • 

 Anthophora haworthana, Curtis, Brit. Ent. vii. 357 S - 



Smith, Zool. iii. 895. 



Female. Length 7 lines. — Black ; the head nearly as wide as the 

 thorax ; the sides of the face and the labrum have a brown pubes- 

 cence. Thorax, the disk clothed with short black pubescence, the 

 sides of the metathorax with sooty black, the posterior tibiae and 

 the basal joint of the tarsi clothed with fulvo-ferruginous pubescence ; 

 all the tarsi beneath ferruginous ; the calcaria pale testaceous, the 

 claws ferruginous. Abdomen slightly pubescent, the margins of 

 the segments having a fringe of short sooty-black hair. B.M. 



Male. Length 6-7 lines. — Black ; the scape in front, the clypeus, 

 the face on each side, and the labrum yellow ; the clypeus with 

 two large black maculae at its base, sometimes uniting, and the 

 labrum with two small black dots at the base ; the pubescence on 

 the vertex and on the disk of the thorax fulvous ; in the centre of 

 the latter is a mixture of black hairs ; the anterior legs thinly 

 fringed behind with fulvous hairs, the intermediate and posterior 

 tibiae fringed with fulvous ; the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi 

 has a thick short fringe in front, and a longer one behind, of black 

 pubescence ; the basal joint of the tarsi black, the apical joints 



