264 Progress in Science. [April, 



together. The fused mixture is run into waterproof paper cases, each holding 

 about 2 lbs., and these cases are introduced into the puddling-furnace one by 

 one, so that the dephosphorising mixture may be thoroughly incorporated 

 with the charge. To ensure satisfactory results, it is recommended to use 

 three times as much of the mixture as the iron contains phosphorus. 



According to a method of preparing steel lately proposed by Messrs. 7. 

 Bajault and M. Roche, a mixture of cast-iron and powdered haematite is 

 smelted, and the product cast in the form of pigs, these pigs being then heated 

 for a considerable time in a furnace of peculiar construction. The rough steel 

 thus obtained may be melted, either in crucibles or in a reverberatory furnace. 

 A sample of steel prepared in this manner yielded, on analysis — Combined 

 carbon, 0-43 per cent; uncombined carbon, o - 8 ; silicon, o;i3 ; sulphur and 

 phosphorus, none. 



Mr. H. Defty, of Middlesbro'-on-Tees, has patented his trunk-refinery and 

 puddling-furnace. This furnace is provided with an inclined revolving cham- 

 ber, surrounded at intervals by cast-iron clips which bear upon pulleys on an 

 inclined shaft, rotated by steam-power. The molten iron passes from the 

 smelting-furnace into the chamber, and the lining of this chamber assists in 

 bringing the metal into a malleable state. The metal passes into an oven at 

 the lower end of the chamber, where it is received, with the slag, in a bogie or 

 ingot-mould ; whilst the products of combustion, passing from the furnace 

 through the chamber, are utilised in the cupola furnace employed in preparing 

 the metal. 



A new system of fettling with oxide of iron, recommended for use in the 

 manufacture of finished iron, has been patented by Mr. T. Greener and Mr. 

 W. Ellis. The mill-furnace in which such fettling is used should have a 

 gradual fall from the fore-plate of from i to f of a foot ; the refuse from the 

 iron gradually collects in its descent towards the flue, and is there tapped into 

 a bogie. Before use in the puddling-furnace the fettling is broken up in a 

 Blake's crusher. 



Although the manufacture of charcoal-iron is not at present carried on to 

 an> T great extent in France, there are still a few furnaces which treat high- 

 class ores, and produce a charcoal-iron of first quality. As such works usually 

 possess sufficient hydraulic power to keep the machinery in motion, and as 

 the hot-blast is but rarely employed, the only means of utilising the waste 

 gases from these blast-furnaces seems to be their employment in the puddling- 

 furnace or in the refinery. A method of using these gases has been patented 

 by M. de Langdale, and has been described by M. V. de Lespinats in the 

 " Bulletin de la Societe de lTndustrie Minerale.'' The gases are taken off by 

 a common English cup-and-cone, and are then washed and cooled by a shower 

 of water, so that the aqueous vapour present is effectually condensed. The 

 necessary temperature is obtained in the puddling-furnace by using Siemens's 

 regenerators. 



Dud Dudley's quaint treatise, entitled Mettalum Martis, has been reprinted, 

 by request, in the " Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute " (1S72, vol. ii., 

 No. 4). The same number of this journal contains a translation, by Mr. 

 Ernest Bell, of a German paper, " On the Working of Blast-Furnace = with 

 Raw Coal, at Gleiwitz, in Upper Silesia." by Dr. Wedding. There will also 

 be found in this journal an abridged translation of the Report of the Com- 

 mission appointed by the iron-masters of Belgium to visit this country 

 and examine the working of Danks's rotary puddling-furnace, at Middles- 

 borough. 



A new technical journal is devoting itself to the interests of _ the iron trade. 

 The old-established " Mechanics' Magazine " has arisen in an entirely new 

 shape, and. under the title of ''Iron," now forms a useful weekly journal dedi- 

 cated to metallurgy and allied branches of indus:: . 



