194 



Mr. M. M. Pattison Muir 



on 



separately, the more accurate will the determination of the di- 

 vision of the same base between these acids become. 



In the reaction between the salt A'C and the acid A, whereby 

 a parts of A'C are decomposed with formation of x parts of 

 AC, the changes of volume are v' x and vx (the value of xfx is 

 taken as negative because it represents a decomposition), and 

 the observed volume-change in the liquid containing the react- 

 ing bodies is Vi — vx — v'x + %, where £ expresses the sum of 

 the secondary reactions. 



Similarly it is shown that the observed volume-change in the 

 reverse action, viz. decomposition of x parts of AC by A', is 



1^=1/(1— #)— : »(1— #) + £. 



From these equations the value of x is deduced, 



x=- 



i\-v 2 J 



1-X: 



«r 



These equations are applied by Ostwald to the experimental 

 results which he has obtained. 



The relative affinities of sulphuric, hydrochloric, and nitric 

 acids for the alkalies, magnesia, zinc oxide, and copper oxide 

 are considered by Ostwald in his second paper. 



In the following tables i\ represents the volume-change 

 accompanying the action of nitric or hydrochloric acid on the 

 sulphates of the bases mentioned, v 2 the volume- change ac- 

 companying the action of sulphuric acid upon the nitrates or 

 chlorides of the same bases, v — v f represents the calculated 

 differences of the volume-changes caused by neutralization. 



Table I. 

 Influence of Base. 



Nitric and Sulphuric Acids. 



Base. 



»l- 



»a- 



v x -v 2 . 



% 



v—v\ 





+ 14-00 

 + 13-77 

 + 11-64 

 + 10-58 



+ 8-86 

 + 7-85 



-2-38 

 -2-73 

 -2-70 

 -306 

 -3-11 

 -3-42 



+16-38 

 + 16-50 

 +14-34 

 + 1364 

 +11-97 

 + 11-27 



+16-34 

 + 16-50 

 + 14-49 

 + 13-35 

 + 12-54 

 +10-69 











Copper oxide ... 



