M. G. Wiedemann on Torsion. 



13 





T = -1479. 



T =4-1479. 





T = -1479. 



T= + 1479. 





W. 



P . 



W. 



*v 





W. 



P,. 



W. 



Pi- 



1.... 



3220 



-152 



3220 



4-160 



8... 



3220 



-163 



3220 



+175 



2.... 



j> 



-154 



>> 



4-166 



9... 



>> 



-152 



»> 



+170 



3.... 



>5 



-150 





+ 168 



10... 



,, 



-150 



,, 



+171 



4.... 





-151 





+166 



11... 



9220 



-171 



9220 



+ 187 



5.... 



9220 



-188 



9220 



+207 



12... 



,, 



-163 



,, 



+182 



6.... 



„ 



-183 





+200 



13... 



3220 



-157 



3220 



+171 



7.... 



" 



-174 



>> 



+191 













Consequently, if the wire in the alternatingly directed tor- 

 sions with a lighter load is brought into such a state that it 

 constantly takes up again the same positive and negative per- 

 manent torsions, these will be increased with a heavier loading, 

 but will gradually be diminished with repeated temporary 

 torsions, and approach toward those obtained with the lighter 

 loadings. 



14. Effect of very frequently repeated Loadings. — The hitherto 

 mentioned effects of loading the wire with different weights 

 always manifested themselves before the wire had arrived at 

 the constant state in which it always behaves in the same 

 manner under like conditions. There still remained for in- 

 vestigation the question whether, after the expiration of this 

 variable state of the wire, alterations of the load still exer- 

 cise any influence upon its torsion. 



For this purpose a well-annealed brass wire of 2 millims. 

 diameter and 480 millims. length was put into the apparatus, 

 loaded beneath with the empty beaker, again annealed and 

 then repeatedly temporarily twisted and untwisted by 100 

 grams, and, as before, the values T and Tx as well as P and Pj 



read off, 



as follows : 



















I. 



II. 



III. 



IV. 



V. 



VI. 



VII. 



VIII. 





T 



1952 



2078 



2113 



2133 



2138 



2144 



2146 



2148 





T! 



2106 



2123 



2141-5 2146 



2149 



2153 



2154-£ 



2160* 





P 



409 



445 



479 



489 



498 



503 



507 



517 





Px 



386 



430 



472 



484 



492 



498 



503 



509 



T r 



-p; 



1720 



1693 



1669-5 1662 



1657 



1658 



1651-£ 



1651 









IX. 



X. 



XL 



XII. 



XIII. 



XIV. 



XV. 







T 



2154 



2155 



2158 



2157 



2158 



2165 2161 







T, 



2160 



2161 



2162 



2163 



2164 



2169 2168 







P 



516-5 



517 



521 



523 



523 



526-5 









P x 



511 



513 



516 



518 



520 



522-5 







T x - 



"Pi 



1649 



1648 



1646 



1645 



1644 



1646-5 





After the wire ceased to be in this way essentially altered, 

 7 kilograms of water were alternately let into and out of the 



* A slight shaking. 



