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telle ctual character. This is remarkably exemplified in the 

 separate existence of the Hottentots of the south of Africa, and 

 of the Papuans or Asiatic Negroes ; which two races — in spite 

 even of the authority of Cuvier himself — cannot, without viola- 

 ting the most obvious principles of science and of history, be 

 referred to the same class, but must be regarded as " deviations 

 from the type of the species by different routes, in parallel ex- 

 treme states of degradation." 



I will now attempt briefly to trace the outline of a classifica- 

 tion of the various races of mankind, in accordance with the 

 principles which have thus been enunciated. In doing so, I 

 shall avail myself of the aid afforded by the numerous additions 

 which during the last few years have been made to our philo- 

 logical knowledge, arising principally and more especially from 

 the improvements which have taken place in the science of 

 philology itself. It may indeed be asserted that, in the present 

 condition of physiology and of the natural history of man, the 

 affinities of languages, if they be not the sole guides which we 

 possess for enabling us to arrange the varieties of the human 

 species in an order at all approximating to the truth, must at 

 least be regarded as the only one upon which any real depend- 

 ence is to be placed. 



With the assistance then of this guide, we may divide the 

 races of mankind into the following principal classes. The first 

 is that which is composed of the nations to whom belong the 

 various languages of cognate origin, distinguished by the com- 

 mon designation of Indo-Germanic or Indo-European. These 

 consist of the Sanscrit, the Zend or ancient Persic, the Phrygian, 

 the Lydian, the Greek, the Latin and its derivations, the lan- 

 guages of the great Germanic family, the Celtic, and the Sla- 

 vonian. 



Of these, the various languages of Europe and Asia Minor 

 may be regarded as aboriginal; that is to say, as having been 

 spoken by the people who were the first inhabitants of those 

 portions of the globe. On the other hand, the Sanscrit is ad- 

 mitted to be the language, not of the aborigines, but of a race of 

 conquerors, who entered the Indian peninsula from the north- 

 west and extirpated or drove southward before them the native 



