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races. In like manner must it be considered that the Zend 

 (the intimate connexion of which language with the Sanscrit 

 is well established) was not the primitive language of Persia, 

 but was introduced into that country also by the same exotic 

 race, whose original seat must be looked for in the mountainous 

 country to the west of the Caspian. 



To this class of languages, and to the people among whom the 

 various dialects of them are spoken, — which people are in the pre- 

 sent day spread not only over Europe and a considerable portion 

 of Asia, but, by means of European settlements and conquests, 

 over the vast continent of America also, and who have likewise 

 taken root in what may be regarded as a fifth quarter of the 

 globe, namely, Australia, — the designation of Japetic or Japh- 

 thitish may with the strictest propriety be applied. 



The next grand division of mankind is composed (in part) of 

 the nations to whom belong the so-called Semitic or Aramean 

 languages ; namely, the Hebrew, the Arabic, the Chaldee, and 

 the Syriac. 



The reason of this nomenclature is, that the Hebrew and the 

 Arabic are the languages spoken by the people who are regarded 

 as the descendants of Abraham ; whilst the Chaldee and Syriac 

 are considered to have been vernacular in Mesopotamia and 

 Syria among the descendants of Aram ; both those patriarchs 

 being of the posterity of Shem, the eldest son of Noah. Philo- 

 logists have already discovered, however, that affinities exist 

 between these so-called Semitic tongues and other languages, 

 such as the Phoenician, the Coptic, the Geez, and the Amharic 

 of Abyssinia, and the Berber of Northern Africa, to which the 

 same designation cannot with any correctness of nomenclature 

 be applied, and which are in reality entitled to the appellation 

 of Hamitish alone. 



Since then the languages spoken by the descendants of Isaac 

 and of Ishmael, the sons of Abraham, — namely, the Hebrew and 

 the Arabic, — are thus found to be cognate with those which are 

 so widely spread among the descendants of Ham, it would seem 

 most reasonable to imagine that the former languages, instead 

 of being the representatives of the Shemitish tongue which was 

 spoken by Abraham either in Chaldea or Aram, are the Hami- 



