222 Chronicles of Science. [April, 



animal, which had been cracked to get out the marrow. Besides 

 the remains of the reindeer, were found those of oxen, bears, wolves, 

 the horse, and the glutton, as well as of birds and fish. " A large 

 proportion of the horns have been formed, in a very simple and 

 inartificial manner, into clubs or hammers, awls (some of which 

 have projecting ears), or into agricultural tools, and other imple- 

 ments of incipient industry." About 600 specimens of flint flakes 

 were discovered, besides a number of flint cores, but " no trace of 

 metal was found, nor the mark of anything at all approaching that 

 of a metal tool." 



As regards the age of these remains, Dr. Fraas has made obser- 

 vations bearing -both on their relative and their absolute date. Their 

 relative age he infers to be far greater than that of any of the 

 Lake-dwellings, and he seems to indicate his belief of their contem- 

 poraneity with the remains of the Keindeer period, discovered in the 

 Dordogne by MM. Lartet and Christy. As to the absolute date 

 which can be assigned to them, we must quote Dr. Fraas's, or 

 rather Mr. Lee's, own words : — " But a short time since there was 

 here the pleasant little tarn, the spring-head of the brook Schussen ; 

 700 years ago the Premonstratensian monks built their monastery ; 

 1,000 years still earlier a Koman road, with all its traffic, is said to 

 have passed this way; but long before all these periods there 

 existed here a settlement where human beings carried on all the 

 avocations of life." 



Amongst the interesting monuments of antiquity, which render 

 the valley of the Mississippi so attractive to the student of Ameri- 

 can archaeology, few have obtained more attention than the group 

 of "sacred enclosures," or "forts," whichever they may be, near 

 Newark, Ohio. Besides these, " scattered over the same plain, and 

 crowning the neighbouring hills, are numerous tumuli, or mounds, 

 evidently erected by the same people that built the larger works." 

 In a " Description of an Ancient Sepulchral Mound, near Newark, 

 Ohio," published in the last volume of the ' American Journal of 

 Science,' Mr. O. C. Marsh, from whose paper we have just quoted, 

 describes the results of an excavation into one of these mounds. In it 

 were found several skeletons and parts of skeletons, showing in some 

 cases that the interment had been performed with great care : with 

 them were associated piles of charred bones, the fragments of some 

 of which were recognizable as human ; showing that the interment 

 of some individuals was accompanied by a kind of incrematory 

 rite. With some fragmentary remains of a child was found a 

 string of beads, neatly made of native copper, without the aid of 

 fire, by hammering the metal in its original state. On the same 

 string, arranged at regular intervals, were five shell-beads, of the 

 same diameter, but about twice as long as those of copper. 



At the base of the mound was found a cist, or grave, which had 



