1867.] Geology and Paleontology. 263 



be abundant in the north island, as well as in the south. Economi- 

 cally, the latter is of course by far the more important, and it is 

 satisfactory to find that it makes a remarkably good steam-coal, 

 notwithstanding its brittleness and its Mesozoic age, while Dr. 

 Hector estimates its quantity at not less than four thousand 

 millions of tons. 



Another colonial publication which deserves mention is a 

 memoir on the ' Physical Geography, Geology, and Mineralogy of 

 Victoria,' by Mr. Selwyn, the Director, and Mr. Ulrich, one of the 

 Geologists, of the Geological Survey of the Colony. 



M. Tournouer, who has so long devoted his attention to the 

 geology of the basin of the Adour, has lately published a me- 

 moir on the Tertiary deposits of the upper valley of the Saone, 

 in the twenty-third volume of the ' Bulletin de la Societe Geo- 

 logique de France.' In this memoir, the author gives the results 

 of a most careful and extended investigation into the geological 

 structure of the district treated of; and gives, with considerable 

 clearness, his views of the sequence of events which have pro- 

 duced the various phenomena which we are now called upon to 

 interpret. These events appear to have been as follows: — At 

 the termination of the Cretaceous period, or even before then, the 

 deposits previously formed were upheaved, and lakes were hol- 

 lowed out in the surface of the Cretaceous beds. In these lakes 

 were deposited, during a period of oscillations of level, the strata 

 characterized by Limnea longiscata, those by Bithynia Duchasteli, 

 and those by Helix Bamondi. To this epoch succeeded a long 

 period of calm, during which the Upper Miocene marine strata 

 were deposited. After this, occurred another upheaval, followed 

 by the establishment of another lake-period, in the deposits of 

 which are found the remains of a fauna of the time of Masto- 

 don Arvernensis and Eleplias meridionalis (?). Then followed 

 another change, coupled with a third upheaval, and the destruc- 

 tion of the last system of lakes ; and during this period was 

 formed the drift with Eleplias primigenius. Hence we get to 

 the existing order of things, and the confinement of the waters 

 of the several rivers within their present limits. 



We must not omit to record the publication during the past 

 quarter of the Explanation to Sheet 33, of the Geological Survey 

 Map, entitled ' The Geology of East Lothian, including parts of 

 the counties of Edinburgh and Berwick,' by Messrs. H. H. Howell, 

 A. Geikie, and John Young. 



We have little space left to discuss the many papers con- 

 tained in the last three numbers of the ' Geological Magazine;' 

 but a few are too important to be passed over in a Chronicle of 

 Geology. Mr. Carruthers's paper, "On some fossil Coniferous 

 Fruits," is of considerable consequence, both geologically and pa- 



