1867.] Zoology and Animal Physiology. 557 



a single muscle, which differs in different species in the greater or 

 less number of its fibrillae. Dr. Landois and his colleague point 

 out that a closing apparatus of some kind, to the tracheae, must be 

 required in all insects, inasmuch as the movement of the air in the 

 tracheae can only be effected by the movements of the body or 

 muscles, &c, which, were the exit of the air at all times free, would 

 have as great a tendency to expel it through the stigmata, or even a 

 greater, than to force it onwards into the minute ramifications of 

 the tracheal system. The memoir, which appears in Kolliker's 

 * Zeitschrift,' is most beautifutly illustrated, and contains de- 

 scriptions of the "occluding apparatus" of more than twenty 

 insects of various orders. 



'Relative Size of Terebratulse. — The largest living species of 

 Terebratula has been lately noticed by Mr. Davidson, who devotes 

 himself to the study of the Lamp-shells. Eear-Admiral Sulivan 

 dredged the specimen in question in the outer harbour of Port 

 William, in the Falkland Islands, and has submitted it to Mr. 

 Davidson, who considers it identical with the Waldheinia venosa 

 of Solander. It is a remarkable thing that the largest Tere- 

 bratulse known occur in the crag strata, exceeding this species in 

 length by an inch (W. venosa has been found 3 inches 2 lines in 

 length, and T. grandis 4 inches 2 lines). Very large species occur 

 in Cretaceous beds, and still larger in Jurassic strata, but not so 

 large as the Tertiary or the Eecent species. In the Triassic and 

 Palaeozoic periods only few and diminutive species occur. It is 

 worth noticing that the very large species of all periods, whether 

 belonging to the short or to the long-looped sub-genus, have a very 

 marked similarity in the outline and form of their shells. 



A new Annelid from Dieppe. — Dr. Eichard Greeff has found 

 a new species of the annelid-genus Sphoerodorum in the oyster- 

 beds at Dieppe. Sphoerodorum is the name given by (Ersted to one 

 of the strangest of Choetopodous worms. The little creature does 

 not exhibit very well-developed feet-appendages, or a high form of 

 cephalization ; but it is remarkable for the large globular capsules, 

 containing coiled-up, worm-like bodies, which are disposed in series 

 on the rings of its body. Professor Kolliker has shown that it is 

 most probable that these capsular bodies are large glands. The 

 species known to (Ersted had only two of these warty processes on 

 each body-ring, but that described by Dr. Greeff has ten. It 

 differs, moreover, very greatly in size from the first known species, 

 which is described as having a " serpentiform" body two inches in 

 length, while Dr. Greeff 's species is a stumpy little creature only 

 two millimetres long. It is most probable that the new species is 

 a very immature form. 



The European Hyalonema. — The Glass-Eope controversy is not 

 yet ended, for while Professor Ehrenberg has given up his belief 



