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quarters. Early in October single birds appear, and are followed by smaller and larger flocks, 

 which in mild seasons remain until the middle of November, and then wander further south- 

 wards : occasionally one or two remain over the winter. From the middle of March to the end 

 of April, when the snow melts and the ground thaws, they again pass on their way to their 

 summer haunts. Mr. A. von Homeyer states that instances are known of its having remained to 

 winter in Pomerania ; but this will only happen in exceptionally mild seasons. According to 

 Kjaerbolling they arrive in Denmark from the north early in October, remain three or four weeks, 

 and migrate further south, returning again late in March, and remaining two or three weeks. 

 Occasionally one or two winter in Jutland. Mr. Fischer says that of late years this species has 

 been more frequently met with in Denmark during the winter season. It passes through 

 Holland and Belgium in October, and returns again in March; and the same may be said as 

 regards the north of France ; but in Southern France it occurs during the winter, remaining 

 during the severe cold, frequenting the forests in flocks in company with Fieldfares. The Rev. 

 A. C. Smith includes it in his list of the birds of Portugal ; and both Lord Lilford and Mr. Howard 

 Saunders met with it in Spain during the winter season. Bailly writes that it passes through 

 Savoy late in the autumn, migrating southward as the weather becomes colder, and reappearing 

 again in the early spring. Salvadori and Doderlein record it as a winter visitant to Italy and 

 Sicily, being numerous in the northern provinces, and becoming less abundant in the south, until 

 in the latter island, as well as in Sardinia and Malta, it becomes of rare and occasional occurrence. 

 Salvadori adds that he suspects it may sometimes breed in Italy, founding this opinion upon the 

 fact of a single specimen having been killed near the Adriatic in August 1871. Respecting its 

 occurrence in the island of Malta Mr. C. A. Wright writes as follows : — " Rare ; does not make 

 its appearance every year. In November and December 1861, I obtained two specimens, and 

 Mr. J. Home another on the 2nd of the latter month." 



In Greece, according to Von der Miihle, it is the commonest Thrush during the winter ; but 

 Lindermayer denies this, and says that this cannot be the case, as it occurs only rarely amongst 

 the flocks of Song-Thrushes. Lord Lilford met with it at Epirus during the winter. In Southern 

 Germany and on the Danube it is noticed during the season of migration ; and Mr. Robson has 

 found it in the neighbourhood of Constantinople. Professor von Nordmann writes that it passes 

 New Russia in the autumn, but that a few stragglers remain there during the winter. Those 

 that pass onward will probably winter in Persia, as they come back again in March on their way 

 to the north. The Redwing has not been recorded from Egypt ; but, according to Loche, it 

 arrives in Algeria in the autumn and remains only two or three months, frequenting, in large 

 flocks, the wooded parts of the country. It has been recorded as far west as the Canaries, where, 

 according to Berthelot, it occurs during the winter. 



With regard to the limit of its eastern range, it has been found in Eastern Siberia by the 

 Russian travellers ; and Dr. Radde met with two birds of this species in the Kultuk valley on the 

 2nd of November, 1856. The female had been feeding altogether on the berries of Vaccinium 

 uliginosum. Von Middendorff also saw it, but only procured one example, near Irkutsk, late in 

 September. It has likewise been met with in India ; and the late Dr. Jerdon wrote that the 

 Redwing has lately been found in the North-west Himalayas, but very rarely. But in Kohat, as 



