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found three or four times breeding near Groningen." In Alsace it is, according to Krcener, 

 resident from November to March in the mountains and plains, and over the whole of France is 

 a regular winter visitant. Bailly states that it arrives in Savoy in October or in November, in 

 large flocks ; and in December or January, when the cold becomes severe, large numbers leave 

 for more southern climes. As mentioned by MM. Jaubert and Barthelemy-Lapommeraye, the 

 Fieldfare comes to Provence about the end of November, departing again in February. It 

 migrates in small flocks, which meet in certain localities, forming large companies, and are then 

 observed during severe weather in the forests of Cuges and Signes, and especially in the Hautes 

 and Basses- Alpes, where numbers are captured by snares. As we proceed towards Spain and the 

 south-western parts of Europe, the Fieldfare becomes a rarer bird. In Portugal it is stated by 

 Professor Barboza du Bocage to be of uncommon occurrence ; and no specimen has yet rewarded 

 the assiduous efforts of Lord Lilford or Mr. Howard Saunders to obtain examples from any of 

 their collectors in Southern Spain. The latter gentleman observes (in 'The Ibis'), "This species 

 certainly does occur in winter in the south-east of Spain ; but in the country round Malaga 

 and Seville I never met with it ; and although I have examined bunches of Thrushes and 

 Blackbirds without number in the markets during my search for Iccos ohscurus, yet I never 

 found a single Fieldfare." In a private note communicated more recently to the authors, he 

 adds : — " Up to the present time my collectors in Andalucia have not sent me a single specimen, 

 though particularly requested to look out for it ; and when I do receive the bird, it will most 

 likely be from the south-eastern provinces." Major Irby informs us that according to his experi- 

 ence also it is a scarce bird in Andalucia; but he has known of its occurrence once near 

 Gibraltar, in December. To the same gentleman we are indebted for a specimen from Tangiers, 

 where, he tells us, it also comes occasionally in winter ; and, according to Loche, it occurs acci- 

 dentally in Algeria, especially on the slopes of Zaccar. Mr. C. A. Wright says that in Malta it 

 is " the latest of the Thrushes which visit the island in the winter. It is seldom seen before 

 January, when a few are taken every year. It generally lingers a few weeks." Professor 

 Doderlein observes that this species is but little known to Sicilian sportsmen, being often 

 confounded with its congeners. It is, however, found in somewhat scanty numbers in the 

 more alpine portions of the island, descending to the plains in winter. In the spring all take 

 their departure for the north. Its appearance in Sicily is very irregular. Mina records an 

 exceptional occurrence in January 1856, in the Madonie, where in previous years none had been 

 observed; and the same thing happened near Palermo in the months of January and February 

 of 1864 and 1867. By the middle of February they had all departed. It does not appear 

 to be a frequent visitor to Sardinia. Count Salvadori, in his work on the birds of Italy, 

 writes as follows concerning the Fieldfare in that country : — " When cold is intense, many of 

 these birds arrive in Italy in company with other Thrushes ; and every year this species is very 

 abundant in Piedmont and other subalpine regions ; on the other hand, in Central Italy they are 

 generally scarce ; at least they remain about the mountains, and it is only in very cold weather 

 that they descend to the plains in any numbers. It would appear that the Fieldfare occasionally 

 nests in the Alps ; and this fact is also affirmed by Perini. They make their nests in high trees, 

 laying from four to six eggs, of a greenish blue colour, with rusty markings." In Styria, 

 according to Seidensacher, it appears in October or November, occasionally in large numbers, 



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