60 



legs light brown; iris dark brown. Total length about 9 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 55, tail 4T, 

 tarsus 13. 



Female (Shanghai, March). Resembles the male, but has the upper parts more olivaceous, the rump like 

 the back, but tinged with rufous ; the upper part of the tail is darker, the central rectrices dark brown ; 

 the breast is less red, the throat white tinged with red; and both are conspicuously spotted with 

 blackish ; the flanks and under tail-coverts are white, marked with pale rufous ; but the under surface 

 of the tail is rufous as in the male. 



Young (Ussuri river, 48° N. lat.). Upper parts generally more olivaceous brown than in the adult, the 

 rump like the back, not tinged with rufous, the upper surface of the tail when closed is dark brown, 

 only showing the rufous at the base of the outer rectrices ; but the under surface of the tail is nearly as 

 rufous as in the adult ; streak over the eye slightly developed, bufty white in colour ; throat white on 

 the sides, tolerably profusely spotted with blackish brown; rest of the underparts white, the flanks 

 slightly marked with pale rusty red, this colour showing still less on the breast. 



Obs. The series of specimens before me exhibits considerable variation, especially in the immature birds. 

 One in particular I may mention as having the throat and breast spotted almost like a Song-Thrush; 

 but these parts are also tinged with rusty red, and in no other part of its plumage does it differ from 

 typical Turdus naumanni. Another has the upper part of the breast as in immature Turdus dubius ; 

 but the lower flanks are marked with rufous as in Turdus naumanni ; the upper surface of the tail and 

 of the wings are as in immature Turdus dubius; but the uuder surface of the tail is rufous, though less 

 so than in any specimen of Turdus naumanni I possess. Mr. Swinhoe, from whom I received this bird, 

 marks it as being a hybrid between Turdus naumanni and Turdus dubius, which it very probably may be. 



In very old birds the red coloration becomes deeper in tinge ; and in one from Ningpo this colour is deep 

 chestnut-red. So far as I can judge from the specimens I have examined, the feathers on the breast 

 and flanks are paler in the winter, and bordered with white, which to some extent hides the rufous 

 coloration. 



This richly coloured Thrush inhabits Northern and Central Asia, ranging as far east as Japan, 

 and is only known in Europe as a rare straggler. J. A. Naumann appears to be the first who 

 added this species to the European list. One was brought to him in November 1804 by a game- 

 keeper, who had caught it in a wood not far from Naumann's own house. J. F. Naumann (Vog. 

 Deutschl. ii. p. 293) states that a pair were caught in Silesia and several near Vienna. In the 

 Appendix to Naumann's work it is stated that " it has occurred in the Carpathians, and has been 

 often brought to the Pesth and Vienna markets for sale. In Dalmatia, Southern Italy, and 

 Sardinia it has likewise been obtained, . . . and has been recorded from Galicia, Silesia, Bohemia, 

 Moravia, and Austria." It appears to have occurred more frequently than Turdus dubius; for 

 Dr. Blasius informed Dr. Sclater (Ibis, 1862, p. 320) that he received for comparison fourteen 

 examples of various ages, and in different plumage, from Museums in Germany and Hungary, 

 and that the bird often occurs in the Carpathians, and is not unfrequently brought into the 

 markets as " game " in Pesth and Vienna. M. Dubois states that he received one in the flesh at 

 Brussels, which, he adds, is the only instance of its occurrence there ; but it certainly has been 

 obtained in the south of France. Messrs. Jaubert and Barthelemy-Lapommeraye figure two, one 

 adult and the other young, the first of which, they state, was killed in December 1856, in the 



