61 



commune of Allauche, and the second was obtained by M. Bonifay in September 1845, and is 

 now in the Marseilles Museum. Judging from the plate, I should have referred the immature 

 specimen to Turdus dubius ; but the description given of it shows that it must be Turdus nau- 

 manni ; and the adult bird is certainly referable to this species. Salvadori says that the specimen 

 indicated by De Negri in the ' Birds of Sardinia,' under the name of Turdus naumanni, has since 

 proved to be Turdus dubius, and not the present species. 



In Northern and Central Siberia this Thrush appears to be common, though it has been 

 sadly confused with its allies by Von Middendorff and Dr. G. Radde ; but Dr. von Schrenck has 

 evidently recognized the birds obtained by him and determined them correctly. The present 

 species is called by Von Middendorff T. ruficollis ; but his description and remarks respecting 

 Naumann's plates clearly show that the bird referred to by him under that name is true Turdus 

 naumanni. He states (I. c.) that he first observed it about the middle of April, in the lower 

 portions of the mountains near Amginskaja Sloboda, in flocks with Turdus dubius. Towards the 

 end of April, when he had penetrated deeper into the Stanowoi Mountains eastwards, to about 

 60° N. lat, large flocks were seen on passage, flying from tree to tree, uttering their loud calls. 

 They were then in full moult. After these flocks had passed, he observed early in May, on the 

 lower portions of the western slope of the Stanowoi Mountains, a few Naumann's Thrushes, 

 which were evidently nesting ; but Turdus dubius had disappeared altogether. As he reached 

 the highest portion of the mountains no more Thrushes were seen, nor were any observed on the 

 eastern slope or near Udskoj-Ostrog ; but he saw on the south coast of the Sea of Ochotsk some 

 Thrushes on passage, but too far distant to distinguish the species. Although both species were 

 seen in flocks together, yet it was easy, he says, to distinguish them by their habits ; for whereas 

 Turdus dubius was very wild and noisy, flying from tree to tree, and perching on the extreme 

 tops or outer dry branches, reminding one much of Turdus pilaris, Turdus naumanni generally 

 took refuge in the denser foliage of small conifer trees, and the male, less shy than Turdus 

 dubius, might frequently be heard pouring forth its pleasant notes (which reminded him of those 

 of the Song-Thrush) whilst perched on the top of a larch. The Jakuts call the present species 

 the Pine-Thrush, and Turdus dubius the Larch-Thrush. 



Von Schrenck obtained a single specimen of this Thrush through Herr Maack from the 

 Ingoda valley, in Transbaikalia, where Herr Maack shot it on the 17th April (O. S.). Dr. Radde 

 confuses this species and Turdus dubius under the name of Turdus fuscatus ; but his Turdus 

 ruficollis, as is easily seen by an examination of his plate (viii.), is certainly nothing but Turdus 

 naumanni in fully adult dress. The first of these birds, he says, he met with at the Tarei-nor on 

 the 13th April (O. S.), 1856. In 1858 he saw three individuals in the Bureja Mountains on the 

 24th March ; on the following day several large flocks were observed ; and on the 27th it was the 

 commonest of the Thrashes found there then. In these mountains in 1857 the present species 

 was tolerably numerous on passage on the 4th and 5th September, very common from the 7th to 

 the 10th, and after that rarer, only small flocks being seen on the 23rd, and stragglers on the 

 26th. In the following year the main body passed on the 17th September. In the Bureja 

 Mountains these Thrushes passed every morning from 8 to 10 o'clock, and were especially 

 numerous during misty weather. These birds avoided the inner parts of the woods, generally 

 keeping near the Amoor river, frequently resting on the high ash trees, and usually travelled at 



