64 



coverts brown, tinged with dull reddish brown, and broadly margined with white ; under surface of the 

 tail blackish ; under surface of the wing as in Tardus naumanni ; bill blackish, but yellow at the base ; 

 legs light brown; iris dark brown. Total length about 9 inches, culmen 082, wing 5T5, tail 3 - 78, 

 tarsus 135. 



Adult Female. Resembles the male; but is duller and paler in coloration of plumage. 



Young (Lake Baikal, 19th May). Upper parts paler and browner than in the adult, the edgings to the 

 secondaries paler, and greyish rufous ; upper surface of the tail dark brown ; underparts white, the 

 sides of the throat, the breast, and the flanks (these last more sparingly) spotted with bold blackish 

 markings; breast slightly tinged with warm buff; under surface of the tail blackish brown without any 

 trace of rufous. 



From Tardus naumanni the present species in immature dress is most easily distinguishable by having the 

 eye-streak whiter, by the absence of rufous on the underparts, and more especially in having the under 

 surface of the tail blackish brown instead of rufous. 



Like Turdus naumanni the present species is a rare straggler to Europe from Asia, and has been 

 far less frequently met with than that bird. First recorded by Bechstein in 1795, it has since 

 then been to no small extent confused with Naumann's Thrush. Naumann himself states most 

 positively that he fully convinced himself that the bird obtained by Bechstein was quite different 

 from Turdus naumanni ; and after a careful perusal of Bechstein's very accurate description, with 

 a series of both species before me, I have no doubt whatever that his specimen was an immature 

 Dusky Thrush; and I may point out that he says that the tail was blackish brown, thus giving 

 the best characteristic of this species in immature dress. 



In the account of the present species in the Appendix to Naumann's ' Naturg. Vdg. 

 Dcutschl.' no distinct record of its occurrence in Germany is given, but it is said to have been 

 obtained there more than once. Baron de Selys Longchamps possesses a specimen obtained in 

 Belgium, first recorded as Turdus naumanni; but this mistake in identification was rectified by 

 M. Dubois (J. f. O. 18G0, p. 227). It does not appear to have been obtained in France; but 

 Count Salvadori cites the following instances of its occurrence in Italy, viz. : — one killed near Turin 

 in the autumn of 1829, now in the Museum of that city ; one obtained in the Genoa market in 

 the winter of 1862 ; one in the collection of Count Camozzi, of Bergamo, obtained near Brescia; 

 and a fourth, procured in the same district in November 1844, this last being an adult bird. I 

 may add that Lord Lilford has examined and verified the specimen in the Museum at Genoa. 

 It has probably occurred more frequently in Eastern Europe ; but information on this head is 

 wanting. 



Throughout Northern Asia it appears to be generally distributed, migrating southward 

 during the winter. Von Middendorff says that not only did he meet with it in the Stanowoi 

 Mountains, but shot specimens on the Jenisei, above 59° N. lat., during the coldest part of the 

 \\ inter. On the 4th February he met with several flocks of from thirty to forty individuals at 

 the Kordinskoje settlement, south of Jeniseisk ; and he shot several on the 9th of February at 

 the Sawina station, about 130 versts below Jeniseisk, on the river, the birds having during the 

 severe cold taken refuge amongst the houses. Von Schrenck states that the present is the 

 < •ounnonest species in the Amoor, where large flocks occur on the autumn passage. The first 



