88 



feathers on the back with somewhat darker centres ; a dull yellowish indistinct streak passes over and 

 behind the eye ; quills dark brown, externally margined with warm reddish olivaceous ; spurious wing 

 dark towards the tip, and wing-coverts tipped with warm ochraceous; tail dark brown, the upper 

 surface with an olivaceous tinge, the outer rectrix with a terminal patch of white on the inner web ; 

 sides of the head white with a yellowish tinge, and spotted with brown ; chin yellowish white, bounded 

 by a dark brown streak from the base of the lower mandible, rest of the underparts white, the throat 

 washed with yellowish ; throat, breast, and flanks marked with semilunar brown markings ; centre of 

 the abdomen pure white ; under tail-coverts white slightly varied with brown ; the characteristic 

 oblique bar on the under surface of the wing yellowish white, and not pure white. Culmen 0"85 inch, 

 wing 4(j, tail 3' 15, tarsus 1/2. 



Young Male (Tingchow, October). Upper parts as in the adult male, but duller, and tinged, especially on 

 the head, with brown ; superciliary stripe narrow, and yellowish white ; throat and sides of the head 

 as in the female ; rest of the underparts as in the old male, but paler and duller ; the upper part of the 

 breast marked with light yellowish brown as in the female. 



Of all the Thrushes included in our European avifauna, the present species is perhaps the least- 

 known ; and, so far as I can ascertain, no one yet knows of any place where it is really common. 

 It is only met with in Europe as a very rare straggler during the seasons of passage, and has 

 only been recorded from the northern portion of Central Europe, except in one or two instances. 

 It has been once obtained in Great Britain. A specimen was sent to Mr. Bond as a variety 

 of the Redwing, having been obtained between Guildford and Godalming in the winter of 

 1860-G1. This bird I have examined; and it is certainly referable to the present species. I 

 tind no instance on record of its occurrence in Scandinavia or Northern Russia ; but it has been 

 obtained in Germany. Naumann says (Vog. Deutschl. xiii. p. 361) that he obtained a young 

 bird, which still had remains of the nestling-feathers in its plumage, from Brunswick a few years 

 previous to 1822, and adds that it was caught in a snare in the Harz, and sent to Brunswick in 

 the flesh; on the 22nd October, 1828, the Museum of Breslau received a young one caught 

 in Upper Silesia ; a third was sent from the same locality to Mr. Heine, of Halberstadt ; a 

 fourth is in the collection at Neustadt-Eberswalde ; one was caught on the Lower Oder ; and a 

 tine old male was caught on the 1st October, 1842, on the island of Riigen, and is in the 

 collection of Mr. E. von Homeyer. As above stated, Naumann refers only to one specimen as 

 being in the collection at Neustadt-Eberswalde; but Mr. C. Vangerow speaks (J. f. O. 1855, 

 p. 186) of two being in that collection. In France, Messrs. Degland and Gerbe state, it has but 

 once occurred, an immature male having been killed in 1847 by Mr. Loche in the marsh of 

 Saintonge. Messrs. Elwes and Buckley state (Ibis, 1870, p. 196) that one was killed near 

 Kustendji, in Turkey, by Mr. A. Cullen. In Asia the present species is also rare; and nothing 

 positive is known respecting its breeding-haunts. Pallas says that it inhabits Eastern Siberia and 

 is found on the northern portions of the Jenesei and Lena and in Central and Lower Tunguska. 

 He only once met with it in Dauria. Neither Middendorff nor Schrenck records it ; but Dr. Radde 

 met with it twice on passage, and states that he saw an old male on the 8th May, 1856, and a 

 young female on the 9th May at the Tarei-nor on passage, and obtained the latter. According 

 to Mr. Taczanovvski, Dr. Dybowski found it rare in Dauria about the end of May, and obtained 

 a young bird on the 13th October. It is stated to occur in China and Japan. Mr. Swinhoe 



