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on the plains." Dr. E. Eey writes that he observed it at Halle a. S. in 1867, and also at Cothen 

 the same year, at the latter place in numbers. " These birds," says Count C. Wodzicki, " inhabit the 

 Carpathians in large numbers. Every year during the summer season they follow in the wake of 

 the shepherds' huts, and in winter frequent the large woods, often coming down on to the plains." 

 Our friend Dr. Taczanowski kindly informs us that it is only met with accidentally in Poland, in 

 the spring and autumn, amongst flocks of other Thrushes, but is common, and breeds in the 

 Galician Carpathians. 



Schlegel states that a few are said to breed in Holland, but it is not a common bird there, even 

 during migration. In Belgium it is, according to De Selys-Longchamps, more or less numerous 

 during the double migration in spring and autumn : it is said to breed occasionally in the Ardennes. 

 De la Fontaine believes that it breeds regularly in Luxemburg ; while Godron, in his work on the 

 Ornithology of Lorraine, says that it passes through that country in spring and autumn, and is 

 seen more particularly on the chain of the Vosges. Kramer records it as sedentary in Alsace 

 from April to October, inhabiting the mountains, especially near the rocky escarpments of 

 Hoheneck, at the foot of the valley of Munster. According to Degland and Gerbe it is found 

 in the Vosges, the Hautes and Basses Alps, Auvergne, and the Pyrenees. In the north of 

 France it occurs during migration in November, and, on its spring journey, late in April or early 

 in May. In Savoy we are informed by Bailly that it inhabits during the summer the pine-forests 

 in the mountains, as well as rocky, bush-covered localities. It is common in the forest of Nivolet, 

 on Apremont, Margeriaz, on the Haute Mauricnne, Tarantaise, Faucigny, and in Switzerland. It 

 is but rarely found on the plains, and only during the autumn migrations or on its return after 

 the close of the winter. It breeds in Savoy about the middle of April or early in May. Mr. 

 Howard Saunders says that in Spain it has been "observed in the Sierra Nevada, where it 

 undoubtedly breeds, descending to the low country in autumn and winter in flocks. I have 

 lately received nest and eggs from Colmenar." Major Irby, in a private letter, informs us that 

 he has seen it near Gibraltar on the 20th of March, which is the earliest date on which he 

 observed it. up to the 8th of April; but it occurs there only as a passing visitor. In Portugal 

 the Rev. A. ('. Smith says it is very rarely seen. It is sometimes met with on the opposite coast ; 

 for .Mr. Tyrwhitt Drake records one was killed a few years ago at Tangier. 



Loche states that it is not common in Algeria, where it is found in the wooded mountainous 

 localities, and but seldom on the plains. Mr. J. H. Gurney, during his excursion to Algeria, 

 procured the Ring-Ouzel at Guelt el Stel. The species is not mentioned by Mr. Salvin in his 

 paper on the birds of the Eastern Atlas, nor by Canon Tristram in his essay on the 'Ornithology 

 of Northern Africa;' but the latter gentleman's collection contains a specimen from Fondouk. 

 Mr. Wright says that it arrives in Malta "about the same time as the other Thrushes; but it 

 is one of the rarest. Nevertheless a winter seldom passes without some being taken." 



According to Doderlein it is of rare occurrence in Sicily; and Benoit only procured one 

 specimen near Messina in the course of many years. Hitherto it has not been recorded in 

 Sardinia. Salvadori states that it arrives in Italy in autumn with the other species of the 

 Thrush family, but it becomes rare away from the Alpine districts. It has been said to nest 

 in Italy by Savi ; and Bettoni cites Lombardy as a favoured district. Seiden sacher observes that 

 numbers breed in the Bacher Mountains, in Styria, where he procured several nests on the 15th 



