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of May 1862. Both Lindemayer and Von der Miihle state that this species is one of the very 

 rarest birds found in Greece. Lord Lilford observes : — " I saw one of this species near Scutari, in 

 Albania, about the middle of August 1857." Messrs. Elwes and Buckley write concerning this 

 species: — "Observed by us in the Dobrudscha, and also found near Constantinople." Mr. 

 Robson has sent us a specimen from Belgrade, in Turkey ; and Canon Tristram's cabinet con- 

 tains a specimen procured by the same collector on the Ortakeuy Hills. Near Odessa they occur 

 in the spring and autumn in small numbers ; and Von Nordmann found them breeding in the 

 mountains of Adshara, in June 1836, at an altitude of from 5000 to 7000 feet, in the subalpine 

 region, where they built their nests in isolated bushes of Rhododendron caucasicum. Pallas 

 never found it in the parts of Russia which he traversed. It occurs, he says, in the Caucasus, 

 the Crimea, and was sent in a collection of birds from Persia. It was killed on the Caucasian 

 Alps by Menetries, at a height of 8000 feet. Sabanaeff includes the Ring-Ouzel in his list of 

 birds found in the Ural, on the authority of M. Martin, who procured it at the Sysertsky mines ; 

 but Sabanaeff himself never met with it. This is probably the eastern limit of its range, as none 

 of the Siberian travellers have, so far as we can ascertain, recorded its occurrence eastward of the 

 Ural chain. 



Canon Tristram appears never to have seen this species in Palestine ; and Captain Shelley 

 has not met with the present species in Egypt himself; but he gives the following information in 

 his work on the birds of that country : — " Keyserling and Blasius state that this bird comes into 

 Egypt in the winter ; and Von Heuglin says that a naturalist in Cairo informed him that he had 

 often killed it in Lower Egypt." 



The following notes are taken from Macgillivray's 'British Birds': — "The Ringed Thrush 

 arrives in the south of Scotland about the middle of April, and departs in the beginning of 

 October. It betakes itself at once to the open, hilly, and mountainous tracts, where it prefers 

 the shelter of the juniper, furze, and heath bushes, to that of woods or thickets. Extremely shy 

 and vigilant, it seldom permits a near approach, but betakes itself to flight on the least alarm. 

 Its manners, however, are very similar to those of the Blackbird ; and as I have studied them 

 with some attention, I am enabled to speak with certainty respecting them. A few individuals 

 are found here and there among the Lammermoor and Pentland Hills, generally in the vicinity of 

 masses of furze and juniper ; and I have met with the species in several other parts of Scotland, and 

 even in the island of Skye. Indeed it was there, in the magnificent valley of Coruisk, that I first 

 became practically acquainted with it, having accidentally met with a whole brood accompanied 

 by their parents, in July 1818. There, on the craggy slopes of the lofty and singularly peaked 

 masses of the Cullin Mountains, among the scattered tufts of heath, they seemed to be flying 

 about in search of food, of which one might imagine they could find but little in such a place. 

 But on the green sward of the Pentlands, where the mole is found nearly to the summits, the 

 Ring-Ouzel, besides insects, can readily procure a plentiful supply of earth-worms, for which 

 I have seen it looking out in the manner described under the habits of the Blackbird ; like 

 which it hops about with great celerity, stands with drooping wings and slightly elevated tail, 

 and digs up its prey with great vigour. It feeds also on insects, testaceous mollusca, and berries 

 of different kinds. The stomach of one which I examined on the 2nd October 1837 was filled 

 with berries of the rowan, Pyrus aucuparia. In the statistical account of the parish of 



